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Amphetamines


Koide, I., O. Noguchi, K. Okada, A. Yokoyama, H. Oda, S. Yamamoto, et al., Determination of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine in Human Hair By Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography With Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detection, Journal of Chromatography B, 707: 99-104, 1998

Kikura, R. and Y. Nakahara, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. XVI. Disposition of fenethylline and its metabolite into hair and discrimination between fenethylline use and amphetamine use by hair analysis, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 21: 291-296, 1997

Kikura, R., Y. Nakahara, T. Mieczkowski and F. Tagliaro, Hair analysis for drug abuse. XV. Disposition of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its related compounds into rat hair and application to hair analysis for MDMA abuse, Forensic Science International, 84: 165-177, 1997

Kintz, P. and V. Cirimele, Interlaboratory comparison of quantitative determination of amphetamine and related compounds in hair samples, Forensic Science International, 84: 151-156, 1997

Miki, A., T. Keller, P. Regenscheit, W. Bernhard, M. Tatsuno, M. Katagi, et al., Detection of Internal and External Methamphetamine in Human Hair By Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Japanese Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health, 43: 15-24, 1997

Miki, A., T. Keller, P. Regenscheit, R. Dirnhofer, M. Tatsuno, M. Katagi, et al., Application of ion mobility spectrometry to the rapid screening of methamphetamine incorporated in hair, Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 692: 319-328, 1997

Nakahara, Y. and R. Kikura, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. XVIII. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) disposition in hair roots and use in identification of acute MDMA poisoning, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 20: 969-972, 1997

Nakahara, Y., R. Kikura, M. Yasuhara and T. Mukai,n Hair analysis for drug abuse. XIV. Identification of substances causing acute poisoning using hair root. I. Methamphetamine, Foresic Science International, 84: 157-164, 1997

Rohrich, J. and G. Kauert, Determination of amphetamine and methylenedioxy-amphetamine-derivatives in hair, Forensic Science International, 84: 179-188, 1997

Rothe, M., F. Pragst, K. Spiegel, T. Harrach, K. Fischer and J. Kunkel, Hair concentrations and self-reported abuse history of 20 amphetamine and ecstasy users, Forensic Science International, 89: 111-128, 1997

Nakahara, Y. and R. Kikura, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. XIII. Effect of structural factors on incorporation of drugs into hair: the incorporation rates of amphetamine analogs, Archives of Toxicology, 70: 841-849, 1996

Cirimele, V., P. Kintz and P. Mangin, Detection of amphetamines in fingernails: an alternative to hair analysis [letter], Archives of Toxicology, 70: 68-69, 1995

Kikura, R. and Y. Nakahara, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. XI. Disposition of benzphetamine and its metabolites into hair and comparison of benzphetamine use and methamphetamine use by hair analysis, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 18: 1694-1699, 1995

Kikura, R. and Y. Nakahara, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. IX. Comparison of deprenyl use and methamphetamine use by hair analysis, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 18: 267-272, 1995

Kintz, P., V. Cirimele, A. Tracqui and P. Mangin, Simultaneous determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in human hair by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Applications, 670: 162-166, 1995

Nakahara, Y., Detection and diagnostic interpretation of amphetamines in hair. [Review] [24 refs], Forensic Science International, 70: 135-153, 1995

Kintz, P. and P. Mangin, Determination of gestational opiate, nicotine, benzodiazepine, cocaine and amphetamine exposure by hair analysis, Journal Forensic Science Society, 33: 139-142, 1993

Moeller, M. R., P. Fey and R. Wennig, Simultaneous determination of drugs of abuse (opiates, cocaine and amphetamine) in human hair by GC/MS and its application to a methadone treatment program, Forensic Science International, 63: 185-206, 1993

Nakahara, Y., K. Takahashi and K. Konuma, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. VI. The excretion of methoxyphenamine and methamphetamine into beards of human subjects, Forensic Science International, 63: 109-119, 1993

Moriya, F., S. Miyaishi and H. Ishizu, Presumption of a history of methamphetamine abuse by postmortem analyses of hair and nails: a case report, Arukoru Kenkyu-To Yakubutsu Ison Japanese Journal of Alcohol Studies & Drug Dependence, 27: 152-158, 1992

Nakahara, Y., M. Shimamine and K. Takahashi, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. III. Movement and stability of methoxyphenamine (as a model compound of methamphetamine) along hair shaft with hair growth, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 16: 253-257, 1992

Nakahara, Y., K. Takahashi, M. Shimamine and Y. Takeda, Hair analysis for drug abuse: I. Determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in hair by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 36: 70-78, 1991

Nakahara, Y., K. Takahashi, Y. Takeda, K. Konuma, S. Fukui and T. Tokui, Hair analysis for drug abuse, Part II. Hair analysis for monitoring of methamphetamine abuse by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Forensic Science International, 46: 243-254, 1990

Nagai, T., M. Sato, T. Nagai, S. Kamiyama and Y. Miura, A new analytical method for stereoisomers of methamphetamine and amphetamine and its application to forensic toxicology, Clinical Biochemistry, 22: 439-442, 1989

Suzuki, S., T. Inoue, H. Hori and S. Inayama, Analysis of methamphetamine in hair, nail, sweat, and saliva by mass fragmentography, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 13: 176-178, 1989

Nagai, T., S. Kamiyama and T. Nagai, Forensic toxicologic analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine optical isomers by high performance liquid chromatography, Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin - Journal of Legal Medicine, 101: 151-159, 1988

Suzuki, O., H. Hattori and M. Asano, Nails and hair as useful material for detection of methamphetamine or amphetamine abuse, Forensic Sci. International, 24: 9-16, 1984

Suzuki, O., H. Hattori and M. Asano, Nails as useful materials for detection of methamphetamine or amphetamine abuse, Forensic Science International, 24: 9-16, 1984

Suzuki, O., H. Hattori and M. Asano, Detection of methamphetamine and amphetamine in a single human hair by GC/CI-MS, J. Forensic Sci., 29: 611-617, 1984

Takahashi, K., M. Shimamine, M. Ono, Y. Kawasaki, K. Sekita and T. Furuya, [Microanalysis of amphetamines III. Detection of amphetamines in the hair of monkeys treated with methamphetamine]. [Japanese], Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku Bulletin of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, 102: 21-24, 1984

Niwaguchi, T., S. Suzuki and T. Inoue, Determination of methylamphetamine in hair after single and repeated administration to rat., Arch. Toxicol., 52: 157-164, 1983

Niwaguchi, T., S. Suzuki and T. Inoue, Determination of methamphetamine in hair after single and repeated administration to rat, Archives of Toxicology, 52: 157-164, 1983

Harrison, W. H., R. M. Gray and L. S. Solomon, Incorporation of D-amphetamine into pigmented guinea-pig hair, Br. J. Dermatol., 91: 415-418, 1974


Cocaine

Gaillard, Y. and G. Pepin, Evidence of Polydrug Use Using Hair Analysis - a Fatal Case Involving Heroin, Cocaine, Cannabis, Chloroform, Thiopental and Ketamine, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 43: 435-438, 1998

Hold, K. M., D. G. Wilkins, D. E. Rollins, R. E. Joseph and E. J. Cone, Simultaneous Quantitation of Cocaine, Opiates, and Their Metabolites in Human Hair By Positive Ion Chemical Ionization Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Journal of Chromatographic Science, 36: 125-130, 1998

Morrison, J. F., S. N. Chesler, W. J. Yoo and C. M. Selavka, Matrix and modifier effects in the supercritical fluid extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from human hair, Analytical Chemistry, 70: 163-172, 1998

Joseph, R. E., Jr., W. J. Tsai, L. I. Tsao, T. P. Su and E. J. Cone, In vitro characterization of cocaine binding sites in human hair, Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 282: 1228-1241, 1997

Jurado, C., C. Rodriguez-Vicente, M. Menendez and M. Repetto, Time course of cocaine in rabbit hair, Forensic Science International, 84: 61-66, 1997

Kidwell, D. A., M. A. Blanco and F. P. Smith, Cocaine detection in a university population by hair analysis and skin swab testing, Forensic Science International, 84: 75-86, 1997

Kline, J., S. K. Ng, M. Schittini, B. Levin and M. Susser, Cocaine use during pregnancy: sensitive detection by hair assay, American Journal of Public Health, 87: 352-358, 1997

Koren, G. and J. Klein, Neonatal hair test for cocaine. Toronto experience, Canadian Family Physician, 43: 1215-1217, 1997

Magura, S. and S. Y. Kang, The validity of self-reported cocaine use in two high-risk populations, NIDA Research Monograph, 167: 227-246, 1997

Mieczkowski, T., Distinguishing passive contamination from active cocaine consumption: assessing the occupational exposure of narcotics officers to cocaine. [Review] [47 refs], Forensic Science International, 84: 87-111, 1997

Mieczkowski, T. and R. Newel, Patterns of concordance between hair assays and urinalysis for cocaine: longitudinal analysis of probationers in Pinellas County, Florida, NIDA Research Monograph, 167: 161-199, 1997

Morris, P., Z. Binienda, M. P. Gillam, J. Klein, K. McMartin, G. Koren, et al., The effect of chronic cocaine exposure throughout pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes in the rhesus monkey, Neurotoxicology & Teratology, 19: 47-57, 1997

Pepin, G. and Y. Gaillard, Concordance between self-reported drug use and findings in hair about cocaine and heroin, Forensic Science International, 84: 37-41, 1997

Potsch, L., G. Skopp and G. Rippin, A comparison of 3H-cocaine binding on melanin granules and human hair in vitro, International Journal of Legal Medicine, 110: 55-62, 1997

Ursitti, F., J. Klein and G. Koren, Clinical utilization of the neonatal hair test for cocaine: a four-year experience in Toronto, Biology of the Neonate, 72: 345-351, 1997

Chiarotti, M., S. Strano-Rossi, C. Offidani and A. Fiori, Evaluation of cocaine use during pregnancy through toxicological analysis of hair, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 20: 555-558, 1996

Henderson, G. L., M. R. Harkey, C. Zhou, R. T. Jones and P. d. Jacob, Incorporation of isotopically labeled cocaine and metabolites into human hair: 1. dose-response relationships, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 20: 1-12, 1996

Joseph, R. E., Jr., T. P. Su and E. J. Cone, In vitro binding studies of drugs to hair: influence of melanin and lipids on cocaine binding to Caucasoid and Africoid hair, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 20: 338-344, 1996

Kauert, G. and J. Rohrich, Concentrations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cocaine and 6-monoacetylmorphine in hair of drug abusers, International Journal of Legal Medicine, 108: 294-299, 1996

Marques, P. R., Factors to consider when using hair as a cocaine-exposure measure for mothers or newborns, NIDA Research Monograph, 166: 183-197, 1996

Martin, J. C., H. M. Barr, D. C. Martin and A. P. Streissguth, Neonatal neurobehavioral outcome following prenatal exposure to cocaine, Neurotoxicology & Teratology, 18: 617-625, 1996

Morris, P., Z. Binienda, M. P. Gillam, M. R. Harkey, C. Zhou, G. L. Henderson, et al., The effect of chronic cocaine exposure during pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes in the rhesus monkey, Neurotoxicology & Teratology, 18: 147-154, 1996

Paule, M. G., M. P. Gillam, Z. Binienda and P. Morris, Chronic cocaine exposure throughout gestation in the rhesus monkey. Pregnancy outcomes and offspring behavior, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 801: 301-309, 1996

Reid, R. W., F. L. O'Connor, A. G. Deakin, D. M. Ivery and J. W. Crayton, Cocaine and metabolites in human graying hair: pigmentary relationship, Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology, 34: 685-690, 1996

Smith, F. P. and D. A. Kidwell, Cocaine in hair, saliva, skin swabs, and urine of cocaine users' children, Forensic Science International, 83: 179-189, 1996

Strano-Rossi, S., M. Chiarotti, A. Fiori, C. Auriti and G. Seganti, Cocaine abuse in pregnancy: its evaluation through hair analysis of pathological new-borns, Life Sciences, 59: 1909-1915, 1996

Braithwaite, R. A., D. R. Jarvie, P. S. B. Minty, D. Simpson and B. Widdop, Screening for drugs of abuse. 1. Opiates, amphetamines and cocaine, Ann. Clin. Biochem., 32: 123-153, 1995

Jurado, C., M. P. Gimenez, M. Menendez and M. Repetto, Simultaneous quantification of opiates, cocaine and cannabinoids in hair, Forensic Science International, 70: 165-174, 1995

Kintz, P., V. Cirimele, C. Sengler and P. Mangin, Testing human hair and urine for anhydroecgonine methyl ester, a pyrolysis product of cocaine, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 19: 479-482, 1995

Kintz, P. and P. Mangin, Simultaneous determination of opiates, cocaine and major metabolites of cocaine in human hair by gas chromotography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Forensic Science International, 73: 93-100, 1995

Sallee, F. R., L. P. Katikaneni, P. D. McArthur, H. M. Ibrahim, L. Nesbitt and G. Sethuraman, Head growth in cocaine-exposed infants: relationship to neonate hair level, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 16: 77-81, 1995

Selavka, C. M. and F. Rieders, The determination of cocaine in hair: a review. [Review] [66 refs], Forensic Science International, 70: 155-164, 1995

Strano-Rossi, S., A. Bermejo-Barrera and M. Chiarotti, Segmental hair analysis for cocaine and heroin abuse determination, Forensic Science International, 70: 211-216, 1995

Wang, W. L. and E. J. Cone, Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. IV. Environmental cocaine contamination and washing effects, Forensic Science International, 70: 39-51, 1995

DiGregorio, G. J., A. P. Ferko, E. J. Barbieri, E. K. Ruch, H. Chawla, D. Keohane, et al., Determination of cocaine usage in pregnant women by a urinary EMIT drug screen and GC-MS analyses, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 18: 247-250, 1994

Forman, R., J. Klein, J. Barks, D. Mehta, M. Greenwald, T. Einarson, et al., Prevalence of fetal exposure to cocaine in Toronto, 1990-1991, Clinical & Investigative Medicine - Medecine Clinique et Experimentale, 17: 206-211, 1994

Grant, T., Z. Brown, C. Callahan, H. Barr and A. P. Streissguth, Cocaine exposure during pregnancy: improving assessment with radioimmunoassay of maternal hair, Obstetrics & Gynecology, 83: 524-531, 1994

Hindin, R., J. McCusker, M. Vickers-Lahti, C. Bigelow, F. Garfield and B. Lewis, Radioimmunoassay of hair for determination of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana exposure: comparison with self-report, International Journal of the Addictions, 29: 771-789, 1994

Klein, J., R. Forman, C. Eliopoulos and G. Koren, A method for simultaneous measurement of cocaine and nicotine in neonatal hair, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 16: 67-70, 1994

Tagliaro, F., C. Antonioli, Z. De Battisti, S. Ghielmi and M. Marigo, Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cocaine in plasma and human hair with direct fluorimetric detection, Journal of Chromatography A, 674: 207-215, 1994

Wang, W. L., W. D. Darwin and E. J. Cone, Simultaneous assay of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair, plasma, saliva and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Applications, 660: 279-290, 1994

Blank, D. L. and D. A. Kidwell, External contamination of hair by cocaine: an issue in forensic interpretation, Forensic Science International, 63: 145-156; discussion 157-160, 1993

Cone, E. J., W. D. Darwin and W. L. Wang, The occurrence of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair of drug abusers, Forensic Science International, 63: 55-68, 1993

Forman, R., J. Klein, D. Meta, J. Barks, M. Greenwald and G. Koren, Maternal and neonatal characteristics following exposure to cocaine in Toronto, Reproductive Toxicology, 7: 619-622, 1993

Kidwell, D. A., Analysis of phencyclidine and cocaine in human hair by tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 38: 272-284, 1993

Kintz, P. and P. Mangin, Determination of gestational opiate, nicotine, benzodiazepine, cocaine and amphetamine exposure by hair analysis, Journal Forensic Science Society, 33: 139-142, 1993

Marques, P. R., A. S. Tippetts and D. G. Branch, Cocaine in the hair of mother-infant pairs: quantitative analysis and correlations with urine measures and self-report, American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 19: 159-175, 1993

Martinez, F., T. S. Poet, R. Pillai, J. Erickson, A. L. Estrada and R. R. Watson, Cocaine metabolite (benzoylecgonine) in hair and urine of drug users, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 17: 138-142, 1993

Mieczkowski, T. and R. Newel, An evaluation of patterns of racial bias in hair assays for cocaine: black and white arrestees compared, Forensic Science International, 63: 85-98, 1993

Moeller, M. R., P. Fey and R. Wennig, Simultaneous determination of drugs of abuse (opiates, cocaine and amphetamine) in human hair by GC/MS and its application to a methadone treatment program, Forensic Science International, 63: 185-206, 1993

Springfield, A. C., L. W. Cartmell, A. C. Aufderheide, J. Buikstra and J. Ho, Cocaine and metabolites in the hair of ancient Peruvian coca leaf chewers, Forensic Science International, 63: 269-275, 1993

Tagliaro, F., C. Antonioli, S. Moretto, S. Archetti, S. Ghielmi and M. Marigo, High-sensitivity low-cost methods for determination of cocaine in hair: high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, Forensic Science International, 63: 227-238, 1993

Tagliaro, F., C. Poiesi, R. Aiello, R. Dorizzi, S. Ghielmi and M. Marigo, Capillary electrophoresis for the investigation of illicit drugs in hair: determination of cocaine and morphine, Journal of Chromatography, 638: 303-309, 1993

Callahan, C. M., T. M. Grant, P. Phipps, G. Clark, A. H. Novack, A. P. Streissguth, et al., Measurement of gestational cocaine exposure: sensitivity of infants' hair, meconium, and urine, Journal of Pediatrics, 120: 763-768, 1992

Cone, E. J. and W. D. Darwin, Rapid assay of cocaine, opiates and metabolites by GC/MS, J. Chromatogr., 580: 43-61, 1992

Curcuruto, O., F. Guidugli, P. Traldi, A. Sturaro, F. Tagliaro and M. Marigo, Ion-trap mass spectrometry applications in forensic sciences. I. Identification of morphine and cocaine in hair extracts of drug addicts, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 6: 434-437, 1992

Ferko, A. P., E. J. Barbieri, G. J. DiGregorio and E. K. Ruch, The accumulation and disappearance of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in rat hair following prolonged administration of cocaine, Life Sciences, 51: 1823-1832, 1992

Forman, R., J. Schneiderman, J. Klein, K. Graham, M. Greenwald and G. Koren, Accumulation of cocaine in maternal and fetal hair; the dose response curve, Life Sciences, 50: 1333-1341, 1992

Fritch, D., Y. Groce and F. Rieders, Cocaine and some of its products in hair by RIA and GC/MS, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 16: 112-114, 1992

Henderson, G. L., M. R. Harkey, C. Zhou and R. T. Jones, Cocaine and metabolite concentrations in the hair of South American coca chewers, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 16: 199-201, 1992

Klein, J., M. Greenwald, L. Becker and G. Koren, Fetal distribution of cocaine: case analysis, Pediatric Pathology, 12: 463-468, 1992

Koren, G., J. Klein, R. Forman and K. Graham, Hair analysis of cocaine: differentiation between systemic exposure and external contamination, Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 32: 671-675, 1992

Koren, G., J. Klein, R. Forman, K. Graham and M. K. Phan, Biological markers of intrauterine exposure to cocaine and cigarette smoking. [Review] [31 refs], Developmental Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 18: 228-236, 1992

Magura, S., R. C. Freeman, Q. Siddiqi and D. S. Lipton, The validity of hair analysis for detecting cocaine and heroin use among addicts, International Journal of the Addictions, 27: 51-69, 1992

Moller, M. R., P. Fey and S. Rimbach, Identification and quantitation of cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester, in hair of Bolivian coca chewers by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 16: 291-296, 1992

Pirozhkov, S. V., R. R. Watson and C. D. Eskelson, Gas chromatographic detection of cocaine and cocaethylene in hair of mice chronically injected with cocaine or cocaethylene and fed ethanol, Forensic Science International, 57: 99-107, 1992

Poet, T., F. Martinez and R. R. Watson, Effects of murine retroviral infection on hair and serum levels of cocaine and morphine, Forensic Sci. Int., 54: 29-38, 1992

Smith, F. P. (1992). Forensic hair analysis: cocaine. Recent Developments in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Sunshine, I. New York, NY, Dekker: 565-568.

Harkey, M. R., G. L. Henderson and C. Zhou, Simultaneous quantitation of cocaine and its major metabolites in human hair by gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 15: 260-265, 1991

Reuschel, S. A. and F. P. Smith, Benzoylecgonine (cocaine metabolite) detection in hair samples of jail detainees using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Journal of Forensic Sciences, 36: 1179-1185, 1991

Magura, S., R. C. Freeman, Q. Siddiqi and D. S. Lipton, The validity of hair analysis for detecting cocaine and heroin use among addicts, Int. J. Addictions, (in press): 1991

Martz, R., B. Donnelly, D. Fetterolf, L. Lasswell, G. W. Hime and W. L. Hearn, The use of hair analysis to document a cocaine overdose following a sustained survival period before death, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 15: 279-281, 1991

Mieczkowski, T., D. Barzelay, B. Gropper and E. Wish, Concordance of three measures of cocaine use in an arrestee population: hair, urine, and self-report, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 23: 241-249, 1991

Graham, K., G. Koren, J. Klein, J. Schneiderman and M. Greenwald, Determination of gestational cocaine exposure by hair analysis [see comments], Jama, 262: 3328-3330, 1989

Brunner, H., S. Balabanova, J. Homoki and H. U. Wolf, [Determination of benzoyl ecgonine in human scalp hair following cocaine abuse by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)]. [German], Beitrage zur Gerichtlichen Medizin, 46: 127-134, 1988

Martz, R. M., The identification of cocaine in hair by GC/MS and MS/MS, Crime Lab. Dig., 15: 67-73, 1988

Balabanova, S., H. Brunner and R. Nowak, Radioimmunological determination of cocaine in human hair, Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin Journal of Legal Medicine, 98: 229-234, 1987

Balabanova, S. and J. Homoki, Determination of cocaine in human hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin Journal of Legal Medicine, 98: 235-240, 1987

Smith, F. P. and R. H. Liu, Detection of cocaine metabolite in perspiration stain, menstrual bloodstain, and hair, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 31: 1269-1273, 1986

Baumgartner, W. A., C. T. Black, P. F. Jones and W. H. Blahd, Radioimmunoassay of cocaine in hair: concise communication, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 23: 790-792, 1982

Valente, D., M. Cassini, M. Pigliapochi and G. Vansetti, Hair as the sample in assessing morphine and cocaine addiction, Clin. Chem., 27: 1952-1953, 1981


Opiates/Narcotics

Hold, K. M., D. G. Wilkins, D. E. Rollins, R. E. Joseph and E. J. Cone, Simultaneous Quantitation of Cocaine, Opiates, and Their Metabolites in Human Hair By Positive Ion Chemical Ionization Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Journal of Chromatographic Science, 36: 125-130, 1998

Gaillard, Y. and G. Pepin, Simultaneous solid-phase extraction on C18 cartridges of opiates and cocainics for an improved quantitation in human hair by GC-MS: one year of forensic applications, Forensic Science International, 86: 49-59, 1997

George, S. and R. A. Braithwaite, The measurement of morphine in the hair of heroin abusers, Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 34: 375-383, 1997 Ahrens, B., F. Erdmann, G. Rochholz and H.

Goulle, J. P., J. Noyon, F. Bietry, B. Patricot, A. Roumajon and D. Bouige, Hair opiates during pain treatment, Forensic Science International, 84: 137-144, 1997

Gygi, S. P., D. G. Wilkins and D. E. Rollins, A comparison of phenobarbital and codeine incorporation into pigmented and nonpigmented rat hair, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 86: 209-214, 1997

Polettini, A., C. Stramesi, C. Vignali and M. Montagna, Determination of opiates in hair. Effects of extraction methods on recovery and on stability of analytes, Forensic Science International, 84: 259-269, 1997

Callaghan, R. R., J. F. Wilson and J. Cartwright, An assessment of the routes of incorporation of opiates into beard hair after a single oral dose of codeine, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 18: 724-728, 1996

Gygi, S. P., F. Colon, R. B. Raftogianis, R. E. Galinsky, D. G. Wilkins and D. E. Rollins, Dose-related distribution of codeine and its metabolites into rat hair, Drug Metabolism & Disposition, 24: 282-287, 1996

Gygi, S. P., R. E. Joseph, Jr., E. J. Cone, D. G. Wilkins and D. E. Rollins, Incorporation of codeine and metabolites into hair. Role of pigmentation, Drug Metabolism & Disposition, 24: 495-501, 1996

Kauert, G. and J. Rohrich, Concentrations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cocaine and 6-monoacetylmorphine in hair of drug abusers, International Journal of Legal Medicine, 108: 294-299, 1996

Potsch, L. and G. Skopp, Stability of opiates in hair fibers after exposure to cosmetic treatment, Forensic Science International, 81: 95-102, 1996

Rollins, D. E., D. G. Wilkins and G. G. Krueger, Codeine disposition in human hair after single and multiple doses, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 50: 391-397, 1996

Skopp, G., L. Potsch and R. Aderjan, Experimental investigations on hair fibers as diffusion bridges and opiates as solutes in solution, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 41: 117-120, 1996

Braithwaite, R. A., D. R. Jarvie, P. S. B. Minty, D. Simpson and B. Widdop, Screening for drugs of abuse. 1. Opiates, amphetamines and cocaine, Ann. Clin. Biochem., 32: 123-153, 1995

Gygi, S. P., D. G. Wilkins and D. E. Rollins, Distribution of codeine and morphine into rat hair after long-term daily dosing with codeine, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 19: 387-391, 1995

Jurado, C., M. P. Gimenez, M. Menendez and M. Repetto, Simultaneous quantification of opiates, cocaine and cannabinoids in hair, Forensic Science International, 70: 165-174, 1995

Kintz, P., V. Cirimele and P. Mangin, Lack of relationship between morphine intake and morphine concentration in hair of carcinoma patients [letter], Annales de Biologie Clinique, 53: 565-567, 1995

Kintz, P. and P. Mangin, Simultaneous determination of opiates, cocaine and major metabolites of cocaine in human hair by gas chromotography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Forensic Science International, 73: 93-100, 1995

Moeller, M. R. and C. Mueller, The detection of 6-monoacetylmorphine in urine, serum and hair by GC/MS and RIA, Forensic Science International, 70: 125-133, 1995

Rothe, M. and F. Pragst, Solvent optimization for the direct extraction of opiates from hair samples, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 19: 236-240, 1995

Staub, C., Analytical procedures for determination of opiates in hair: a review. [Review] [71 refs], Forensic Science International, 70: 111-123, 1995

Wilkins, D., D. E. Rollins, J. Seaman, H. Haughey, G. Krueger and R. Foltz, Quantitative determination of codeine and its major metabolites in human hair by gas chromatography-positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry: a clinical application, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 19: 269-274, 1995

Wilkins, D. G., H. M. Haughey, G. G. Krueger and D. E. Rollins, Disposition of codeine in female human hair after multiple-dose administration, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 19: 492-498, 1995

Edder, P., C. Staub, J. L. Veuthey, I. Pierroz and W. Haerdi, Subcritical fluid extraction of opiates in hair of drug addicts, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Applications, 658: 75-86, 1994

Nakahara, Y., R. Kikura and K. Takahashi, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. VIII. Effective extraction and determination of 6-acetylmorphine and morphine in hair with trifluoroacetic acid-methanol for the confirmation of retrospective heroin use by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Applications, 657: 93-101, 1994

Wasels, R. and F. Belleville, GC/MS procedures used for the identification and determination of morphine, codeine and 6-monoacetylmorphine (Review), J. Chromatogr. A, 674: 225-234, 1994

Gamaleya, N., F. Tagliaro, A. Parshin, A. Vrublevskii, G. Bugari, R. Dorizzi, et al., Immune response to opiates: new findings in heroin addicts investigated by means of an original enzyme immunoassay and morphine determination in hair, Life Sciences, 53: 99-105, 1993

Mangin, P. and P. Kintz, Variability of opiates concentrations in human hair according to their anatomical origin: head, axillary and pubic regions, Forensic Science International, 63: 77-83, 1993

Marsh, A. and M. B. Evans, Challenging declarations of abstinence by the determination of morphine in hair by radioimmunoassay, Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis, 11: 693-698, 1993

Moeller, M. R., P. Fey and R. Wennig, Simultaneous determination of drugs of abuse (opiates, cocaine and amphetamine) in human hair by GC/MS and its application to a methadone treatment program, Forensic Science International, 63: 185-206, 1993

Sachs, H., R. Denk and I. Raff, Determination of dihydrocodeine in hair of opiate addicts by GC/MS, International Journal of Legal Medicine, 105: 247-250, 1993

Tagliaro, F., C. Poiesi, R. Aiello, R. Dorizzi, S. Ghielmi and M. Marigo, Capillary electrophoresis for the investigation of illicit drugs in hair: determination of cocaine and morphine, Journal of Chromatography, 638: 303-309, 1993

Wada, Y., K. Nakajima, J. Yamazaki, T. Seki, K. Sugibayashi and Y. Morimoto, Influence of composition of l-menthol-ethanol-water ternary solvent system on the transdermal delivery of morphine hydrochloride, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 16: 600-603, 1993

Cone, E. J. and W. D. Darwin, Rapid assay of cocaine, opiates and metabolites by GC/MS, J. Chromatogr., 580: 43-61, 1992

Curcuruto, O., F. Guidugli, P. Traldi, A. Sturaro, F. Tagliaro and M. Marigo, Ion-trap mass spectrometry applications in forensic sciences. I. Identification of morphine and cocaine in hair extracts of drug addicts, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 6: 434-437, 1992

Marsh, A., M. E. Carruthers, N. Desouza and M. B. Evans, An investigation of the effect of washing upon the morphine content of hair measured by a radioimmunoassay technique, Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis, 10: 89-93, 1992

Nakahara, Y., K. Takahashi, M. Shimamine and A. Saitoh, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. IV. Determination of total morphine and confirmation of 6-acetylmorphine in monkey anbd human hair by GC/MS, Arch. Toxicol., 66: 669-674, 1992

Poet, T., F. Martinez and R. R. Watson, Effects of murine retroviral infection on hair and serum levels of cocaine and morphine, Forensic Sci. Int., 54: 29-38, 1992

Schuetz, Detection of morphine and monoacetylmorphine (MAM) in human hair, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem, 344: 559-560, 1992

Goldberger, B. A., Y. H. Caplan, T. Maguire and E. J. Cone, Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. III. Identification of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine as indicators of heroin use, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 15: 226-231, 1991

Cone, E. J., Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. I. Individual dose and time profiles of morphine and codeine in plasma, saliva, urine, and beard compared to drug-induced effects on pupils and behavior, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 14: 1-7, 1990

Scheller, M. and H. Sachs, [The detection of codeine abuse by hair analysis], Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 115: 1313-1315, 1990

Cone, E. J. and S. L. Dickerson (1989). Analysis of human facial hair for morphine and codeine: Excretion patterns after single doses. 26th International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, Glasgow, Scotland.

Sachs, H. and W. Arnold, Results of comparative determination of morphine in human hair using RIA and GC/MS, Journal of Clinical Chemistry & Clinical Biochemistry, 27: 873-877, 1989

Tagliaro, F., M. Marigo, R. Dorizzi and F. Rigolin, Detection of morphine in the hair of opiate addicts with the Abbott TDx: a note of caution, Clinical Chemistry, 34: 1365-1366, 1988

Centini, F., C. Offidani, A. Carnevale, M. Chiarotti and I. B. Comparini (1987). Determination of morphine in hair by immunochemical and GC/MS techniques. Developments in Analytical Methods in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Forensic Science. Piemonte, G. New York, Plenum: 107-114.

Franceschin, A. and e. al, Detection of morphine in hair with the Abbott TDX, Clin. Chem., 33: 1987

Pelli, B., P. Traldi, F. Tagliaro, G. Lubli and M. Marigo, Collisional spectroscopy for unequivocal and rapid determination of morphine at ppb level in the hair of heroin addicts, Biomedical & Environmental Mass Spectrometry, 14: 63-68, 1987

Marigo, M., F. Tagliaro, C. Poiesi, S. Lafisca and C. Neri, Determination of morphine in the hair of heroin addicts by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 10: 158-161, 1986

Sachs, H. and H. Brunner, GC/MS analysis of morphine and codeine in vitreous humor and hair, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med. (in German), 44: 281-286, 1986

Sachs, H. and H. Brunner, [Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry findings of morphine and codeine in the vitreous humor and hair], Beitrage zur Gerichtlichen Medizin, 44: 281-286, 1986

Tagliaro, F., P. Traldi, B. Pelli, S. Maschio, C. Neri and M. Marigo (1986).Determination of morphine and other opioids in the hair of heroin addicts by RIA, HPLC, and collisional spectroscopy. Developments in Analytical Methods in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Forensic Science. Piemonte, G. New York, Plenum: 115-127.

Tagliaro, F., S. Lafisca, S. Maschio, A. Parolin, G. Lubli and M. Marigo, Quantitative determination of morphine in hair: a comparison between RIA and HPLC methods, Acta Medicinae Legalis et Socialis, 35: 181-184, 1985

Nagai, T. and T. Nagai, Detection of codeine from animal hair and the lapse of time of its accumulation, Igaku to Seibutsugaku (in Japanese), 109: 145-147, 1984

Valente, D., M. Cassini, M. Pigliapochi and G. Vansetti, Hair as the sample in assessing morphine and cocaine addiction, Clin. Chem., 27: 1952-1953, 1981

Klug, E., [Determination of morphine in human hair (author's transl)], Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin - Journal of Legal Medicine, 84: 189-193, 1980

Klug, E., Determination of morphine in human head hair, Z. Rechtsmed. (Ger), 84: 189-193, 1980


Heroin

Gaillard, Y. and G. Pepin, Evidence of Polydrug Use Using Hair Analysis - a Fatal Case Involving Heroin, Cocaine, Cannabis, Chloroform, Thiopental and Ketamine, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 43: 435-438, 1998

Kintz, P., P. Bundeli, R. Brenneisen and B. Ludes, Dose-Concentration Relationships in Hair From Subjects in a Controlled Heroin-Maintenance Program, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 22: 231-236, 1998

Rossi, S. S., C. Offidani and M. Chiarotti, Application of Hair Analysis to Document Coercive Heroin Administration to a Child, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 22: 75-77, 1998

George, S. and R. A. Braithwaite, The measurement of morphine in the hair of heroin abusers, Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 34: 375-383, 1997

Pepin, G. and Y. Gaillard, Concordance between self-reported drug use and findings in hair about cocaine and heroin, Forensic Science International, 84: 37-41, 1997

Strano-Rossi, S., A. Bermejo-Barrera and M. Chiarotti, Segmental hair analysis for cocaine and heroin abuse determination, Forensic Science International, 70: 211-216, 1995

Goldberger, B. A., E. J. Cone, T. M. Grant, Y. H. Caplan, B. S. Levine and J. E. Smialek, Disposition of heroin and its metabolites in heroin-related deaths, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 18: 22-28, 1994

Hindin, R., J. McCusker, M. Vickers-Lahti, C. Bigelow, F. Garfield and B. Lewis, Radioimmunoassay of hair for determination of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana exposure: comparison with self-report, International Journal of the Addictions, 29: 771-789, 1994

Nakahara, Y., R. Kikura and K. Takahashi, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. VIII. Effective extraction and determination of 6-acetylmorphine and morphine in hair with trifluoroacetic acid-methanol for the confirmation of retrospective heroin use by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Applications, 657: 93-101, 1994

Wang, W. L., W. D. Darwin and E. J. Cone, Simultaneous assay of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair, plasma, saliva and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Applications, 660: 279-290, 1994

Cone, E. J., W. D. Darwin and W. L. Wang, The occurrence of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair of drug abusers, Forensic Science International, 63: 55-68, 1993

Gamaleya, N., F. Tagliaro, A. Parshin, A. Vrublevskii, G. Bugari, R. Dorizzi, et al., Immune response to opiates: new findings in heroin addicts investigated by means of an original enzyme immunoassay and morphine determination in hair, Life Sciences, 53: 99-105, 1993

Kintz, P. and P. Mangin, Evidence of gestational heroin or nicotine exposure by analysis of fetal hair, Forensic Science International, 63: 99-104, 1993

Polettini, A., A. Groppi and M. Montagna, Rapid and highly selective GC/MS/MS detection of heroin and its metabolites in hair, Forensic Science International, 63: 217-225, 1993

Magura, S., R. C. Freeman, Q. Siddiqi and D. S. Lipton, The validity of hair analysis for detecting cocaine and heroin use among addicts, International Journal of the Addictions, 27: 51-69, 1992

Goldberger, B. A., Y. H. Caplan, T. Maguire and E. J. Cone, Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. III. Identification of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine as indicators of heroin use, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 15: 226-231, 1991

Magura, S., R. C. Freeman, Q. Siddiqi and D. S. Lipton, The validity of hair analysis for detecting cocaine and heroin use among addicts, Int. J. Addictions, (in press): 1991

Pelli, B., P. Traldi, F. Tagliaro, G. Lubli and M. Marigo, Collisional spectroscopy for unequivocal and rapid determination of morphine at ppb level in the hair of heroin addicts, Biomedical & Environmental Mass Spectrometry, 14: 63-68, 1987

Marigo, M., F. Tagliaro, C. Poiesi, S. Lafisca and C. Neri, Determination of morphine in the hair of heroin addicts by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 10: 158-161, 1986

Tagliaro, F., P. Traldi, B. Pelli, S. Maschio, C. Neri and M. Marigo (1986). Determination of morphine and other opioids in the hair of heroin addicts by RIA, HPLC, and collisional spectroscopy. Developments in Analytical Methods in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Forensic Science. Piemonte, G. New York, Plenum: 115-127.


Nicotine

Gaillard, Y. and G. Pepin, Evidence of Polydrug Use Using Hair Analysis - a Fatal Case Involving Heroin, Cocaine, Cannabis, Chloroform, Thiopental and Ketamine, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 43: 435-438, 1998

Dimich-Ward, H., H. Gee, M. Brauer and V. Leung, Analysis of nicotine and cotinine in the hair of hospitality workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 39: 946-948, 1997

Mizuno, A., T. Uematsu, T. Ishikawa, N. Yoshimine and M. Nakashima, Clinical outcome of smoking-cessation trial of nicotine chewing gum evaluated by analysis of nicotine in hair, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 19: 407-412, 1997

Nafstad, P., J. J. Jaakkola, J. A. Hagen, K. Zahlsen and P. Magnus, Hair nicotine concentrations in mothers and children in relation to parental smoking, Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology, 7: 235-239, 1997

Nilsen, T. and O. G. Nilsen, Accumulation of nicotine in human hair during long-term controlled exposure to a low concentration of nicotine vapour, Pharmacology & Toxicology, 81: 48-52, 1997

Pichini, S., I. Altieri, M. Pellegrini, R. Pacifici and P. Zuccaro, Hair analysis for nicotine and cotinine: evaluation of extraction procedures, hair treatments, and development of reference material, Forensic Science International, 84: 243-252, 1997

Pichini, S., I. Altieri, M. Pellegrini, R. Pacifici and P. Zuccaro, The analysis of nicotine in infants' hair for measuring exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, Forensic Science International, 84: 253-258, 1997

Eliopoulos, C., J. Klein, D. Chitayat, M. Greenwald and G. Koren, Nicotine and cotinine in maternal and neonatal hair as markers of gestational smoking, Clinical & Investigative Medicine Medecine Clinique et Experimentale, 19: 231-242, 1996

Eliopoulos, C., J. Klein and G. Koren, Validation of self-reported smoking by analysis of hair for nicotine and cotinine, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 18: 532-536, 1996

Knight, J. M., C. Eliopoulos, J. Klein, M. Greenwald and G. Koren, Passive smoking in children. Racial differences in systemic exposure to cotinine by hair and urine analysis, Chest, 109: 446-450, 1996

Zahlsen, K., T. Nilsen and O. G. Nilsen, Interindividual differences in hair uptake of air nicotine and significance of cigarette counting for estimation of environmental tobacco smoke exposure, Pharmacology & Toxicology, 79: 183-190, 1996

Balabanova, S. and M. Krupienski, [Detection of nicotine in eccrine sweat after stimulation of sweat glands during nicotine withdrawal], Hautarzt, 46: 255-258, 1995

Gerstenberg, B., G. Schepers, P. Voncken and H. Volkel, Nicotine and cotinine accumulation in pigmented and unpigmented rat hair, Drug Metabolism & Disposition, 23: 143-148, 1995

Gwent, S. H., J. F. Wilson, L. M. Tsanaclis and J. F. Wicks, Time course of appearance of cotinine in human beard hair after a single dose of nicotine, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 17: 195-198, 1995

Uematsu, T., A. Mizuno, S. Nagashima, A. Oshima and M. Nakamura, The axial distribution of nicotine content along hair shaft as an indicator of changes in smoking behaviour: evaluation in a smoking-cessation programme with or without the aid of nicotine chewing gum, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 39: 665-669, 1995

Avakoff, J. C., Hair nicotine and cotinine in women and newborn infants [letter; comment], JAMA, 271: 1904-1905, 1994

Balabanova, S., M. Teschler-Nicola and E. Strouhal, [Evidence of nicotine in scalp hair of naturally mummified bodies from the Christian Sayala (Egyptian-Nubian)], Anthropologischer Anzeiger, 52: 167-173, 1994

Eliopoulos, C., J. Klein, M. K. Phan, B. Knie, M. Greenwald, D. Chitayat, et al., Hair concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in women and their newborn infants, JAMA, 271: 621-623, 1994

Klein, J., R. Forman, C. Eliopoulos and G. Koren, A method for simultaneous measurement of cocaine and nicotine in neonatal hair, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 16: 67-70, 1994

Nilsen, T., K. Zahlsen and O. G. Nilsen, Uptake of nicotine in hair during controlled environmental air exposure to nicotine vapour: evidence for a major contribution of environmental nicotine to the overall nicotine found in hair from smokers and non-smokers, Pharmacology & Toxicology, 75: 136-142, 1994

Zahlsen, K. and O. G. Nilsen, Nicotine in hair of smokers and non-smokers: sampling procedure and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis, Pharmacol. Toxicol., 75: 143-149, 1994

Kintz, P., I. Kieffer, J. Messer and P. Mangin, Nicotine analysis in neonates' hair for measuring gestational exposure to tobacco, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 38: 119-123, 1993

Kintz, P. and P. Mangin, Evidence of gestational heroin or nicotine exposure by analysis of fetal hair, Forensic Science International, 63: 99-104, 1993

Kintz, P. and P. Mangin, Determination of gestational opiate, nicotine, benzodiazepine, cocaine and amphetamine exposure by hair analysis, Journal Forensic Science Society, 33: 139-142, 1993

Mizuno, A., T. Uematsu, A. Oshima, M. Nakamura and M. Nakashima, Analysis of nicotine content of hair for assessing individual cigarette-smoking behavior, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 15: 99-104, 1993

Uematsu, T., Utilization of hair analysis for therapeutic drug monitoring with a special reference to ofloxacin and to nicotine, Forensic Science International, 63: 261-268, 1993

Balabanova, S., G. Buhler, E. Schneider, H. J. Boschek and H. Schneitler, [Nicotine excretion by the apocrine and eccrine sweat in smokers and passive smokers], Hautarzt, 43: 73-76, 1992

Kintz, P., Gas chromatographic analysis of nicotine and cotinine in hair, Journal of Chromatography, 580: 347-353, 1992

Kintz, P., B. Ludes and P. Mangin, Evaluation of nicotine and cotinine in human hair, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 37: 72-76, 1992

Balabanova, S., E. Schneider and G. Buehler, Detection of nicotine in hair, Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg. (Ger), 130: 2200-2201, 1990

Haley, N. J. and D. Hoffmann, Analysis for nicotine and cotinine in hair to determine cigarette smoker status, Clinical Chemistry, 31: 1598-1600, 1985

Ishiyama, I., T. Nagai and S. Toshida, Detection of basic drugs (methamphetamine, antidepressants, and nicotine) from human hair, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 28: 380-385, 1983


General

Kalasinsky, K. S., Drug Distribution in Human Hair By Infrared Microscopy, Cellular & Molecular Biology, 44: 81-87, 1998

Wilkins, D. G., A. S. Valdez, P. R. Nagasawa, S. P. Gygi and D. E. Rollins, Incorporation of Drugs For the Treatment of Substance Abuse Into Pigmented and Nonpigmented Hair, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 87: 435-440, 1998

Cassani, M., N. Da Re, L. Giuliani and F. Sesana, Experience with hair testing in the clinical biochemistry laboratory of Ca' Granda Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy, Forensic Science International, 84: 17-24, 1997

Eser, H. P., L. Potsch, G. Skopp and M. R. Moeller, Influence of sample preparation on analytical results: drug analysis [GC/MS] on hair snippets versus hair powder using various extraction methods, Forensic Science International, 84: 271-279, 1997

Goulle, J. P. and P. Kintz, [Hair: a powerful biological marker for exposure to xenobiotics]. [Review] [47 refs] [French], Annales de Biologie Clinique, 55: 435-442, 1997

Harrison, L. and A. Hughes, Introduction--the validity of self-reported drug use: improving the accuracy of survey estimates, NIDA Research Monograph, 167: 1-16, 1997

Jolle's, P., Zahn, H., Hocker, H., Ed. (1997). Formation and Structure of Human Hair. Histochemistry of the human hair follicle, Birkhauser Verlag.

Jurado, C., P. Kintz, M. Menendez and M. Repetto, Influence of the cosmetic treatment of hair on drug testing, International Journal of Legal Medicine, 110: 159-163, 1997

Kwong, T. C. and R. M. Ryan, Detection of intrauterine illicit drug exposure by newborn drug testing. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. [Review] [85 refs], Clinical Chemistry, 43: 235-242, 1997

Lewis, D., C. Moore, P. Morrissey and J. Leikin, Determination of drug exposure using hair: application to child protective cases, Forensic Science International, 84: 123-128, 1997

Mieczkowski, T., R. Mumm and H. Connick, A research note: an analysis of RIA and GC/MS split hair samples from the New Orleans Pretrial Diversion Program, Forensic Science International, 84: 67-73, 1997

Mieczkowski, T. and R. Newel, Patterns of concordance between hair assays and urinalysis for cocaine: longitudinal analysis of probationers in Pinellas County, Florida, NIDA Research Monograph, 167: 161-199, 1997

Pepin, G. and Y. Gaillard, Concordance between self-reported drug use and findings in hair about cocaine and heroin, Forensic Science International, 84: 37-41, 1997

Rothe, M., F. Pragst, S. Thor and J. Hunger, Effect of pigmentation on the drug deposition in hair of grey-haired subjects, Forensic Science International, 84: 53-60, 1997

Sawaya, M. E., Clinical updates in hair. [Review] [42 refs], Dermatologic Clinics, 15: 37-43, 1997

Skopp, G. and L. Potsch, A case report on drug screening of nail clippings to detect prenatal drug exposure, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 19: 386-389, 1997

Skopp, G., L. Potsch and M. R. Moeller, On cosmetically treated hair--aspects and pitfalls of interpretation, Forensic Science International, 84: 43-52, 1997

Tagliaro, F., F. P. Smith, Z. De Battisti, G. Manetto and M. Marigo, Hair analysis, a novel tool in forensic and biomedical sciences: new chromatographic and electrophoretic/electrokinetic analytical strategies. [Review] [102 refs], Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 689: 261-271, 1997

Uhl, M., Determination of drugs in hair using GC/MS/MS, Forensic Science International, 84: 281-294, 1997

Cirimele, V., P. Kintz and P. Mangin, Comparison of different extraction procedures for drugs in hair of drug addicts, Biomedical Chromatography, 10: 179-182, 1996

Cone, E. J., Mechanisms of drug incorporation into hair, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 18: 438-443, 1996

Green, S. J. and J. F. Wilson, The effect of hair color on the incorporation of methadone into hair in the rat, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 20: 121-123, 1996

Huestis, M. A., Judicial acceptance of hair tests for substances of abuse in the United States courts: scientific, forensic, and ethical aspects, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 18: 456-459, 1996

Kelly, K. S. and R. Rogers, Detection of misreported drug use in forensic populations: an overview of hair analysis. [Review] [45 refs], Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the

Law, 24: 85-94, 1996 courts: scientific, forensic, and ethical aspects, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 18: 456-459, 1996

Kintz, P., Drug testing in addicts: a comparison between urine, sweat, and hair, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 18: 450-455, 1996

Marcoux, S., S. Berube and M. Germain, Feasibility of collecting maternal hair samples in studies of reproductive and perinatal outcomes [letter; comment], Epidemiology, 7: 110, 1996

Sniegoski, L. T. and M. J. Welch, Interlaboratory studies on the analysis of hair for drugs of abuse: results from the fourth exercise, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 20: 242-247, 1996

Wilhelm, M. and H. Idel, Hair analysis in environmental medicine. [Review] [75 refs], Zentralblatt fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, 198: 485-501, 1996

Baumgartner, W. A., C.-C. Cheng, T. D. Donahue and G. F. Hayes (1995). Forensic drug testing by mass spectrometric analysis of hair. Forensic Appl. Mass Spectrom. Yinon, J. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press: 61-94.

Bencko, V., Use of human hair as a biomarker in the assessment of exposure to pollutants in occupational and environmental settings. [Review] [64 refs], Toxicology, 101: 29-39, 1995

Bermejo Barrera, A. M. and S. Strano Rossi, Hair and urine analysis: relative distribution of drugs and their metabolites, Forensic Science International, 70: 203-210, 1995

Blank, D. L. and D. A. Kidwell, Decontamination procedures for drugs of abuse in hair: are they sufficient?. [Review] [38 refs], Forensic Science International, 70: 13-38, 1995

Cirimele, V., P. Kintz and P. Mangin, Drug concentrations in human hair after bleaching [letter], Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 19: 331-332, 1995

Cone, E. J., Welch, M. J., Babecki, M.B.G., Ed. (1995). Hair Testing for Drugs of Abuse: International Research on Standards and Technology. Methods, National Institutes of Health.

Kintz, P., Interlaboratory comparison of quantitative determinations of drug in hair samples, Forensic Science International, 70: 105-109, 1995

Kintz, P. and P. Mangin, What constitutes a positive result in hair analysis: proposal for the establishment of cut-off values. [Review] [29 refs], Forensic Science International, 70: 3-11, 1995

Mieczkowski, T., A research note: the outcome of GC/MS/MS confirmation of hair assays on 93 cannabinoid (+) cases, Forensic Science International, 70: 83-91, 1995

Almond, B., Hair analysis for drugs: defining the ethical questions [comment], Addiction, 89: 296- 297, 1994

Arnold, W. and H. Sachs, Hair analysis for medicaments - the best proof for a drug career, Gresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 348: 484-489, 1994

Balabanova, S. and W. Albert, [Accumulation and stability of drugs in hair]. [German], Archiv fur Kriminologie, 193: 100-112, 1994

Evans, D., Hair analysis for drugs: where is the ethical quagmire? [comment], Addiction, 89: 295-296, 1994

Goulle, J. P., F. Prieur, A. Ragot and D. Hachin, [Analysis of hair: medical and medico-legal value (letter)]. [French], Presse Medicale, 23: 493, 1994

Goulle, J. P., F. Prieur, A. Ragot and D. Hachin, Medical and forensic use of hair analysis, Presse Medicale, 23: 493-493, 1994

Cassani, M. and V. Spiehler, Analytical requirements, perspectives and limits of immunological methods for drugs in hair, Forensic Science International, 63: 175-184, 1993

Chiarotti, M., Overview on extraction procedures. [Review] [52 refs], Forensic Science International, 63: 161-170, 1993

Anonymous, Hair analysis as a diagnostic tool for drugs of abuse investigation. Proceedings of the 1st International Meeting, Genoa, Italy, 10-11 December, 1992, Forensic Science International, 63: 1-309, 1993

Bost, R. O., Hair analysis--perspectives and limits of a proposed forensic method of proof: a review. [Review] [11 refs], Forensic Science International, 63: 31-42, 1993

Brewer, C., Hair analysis for monitoring drug use [letter; comment], Addiction, 88: 1291-1292, 1993

Harkey, M. R., Anatomy and physiology of hair, Forensic Science International, 63: 9-18, 1993

Henderson, G. L., Mechanisms of drug incorporation into hair. [Review], Forensic Science International, 63: 19-29, 1993

Klein, J., D. Chitayat and G. Koren, Hair analysis as a marker for fetal exposure to maternal smoking [letter], New England Journal of Medicine, 328: 66-67, 1993

McIntosh, N. D., First identification of drugs in Egyptian mummies [letter], Naturwissenschaften, 80: 245-246, 1993

Moeller, M. R., P. Fey and H. Sachs, Hair analysis as evidence in forensic cases. [Review] [16 refs], Forensic Science International, 63: 43-53, 1993

Offidani, C., S. Strano Rossi and M. Chiarotti, Improved enzymatic hydrolysis of hair, Forensic Science International, 63: 171-174, 1993

Parsche, F., S. Balabanova and W. Pirsig, Drugs in ancient populations, Lancet, 341: 503, 1993

Sachs, H. and I. Raff, Comparison of quantitative results of drugs in human hair by GC/MS, Forensic Science International, 63: 207-216, 1993

Staub, C., Hair analysis: its importance for the diagnosis of poisoning associated with opiate addiction, Forensic Science International, 63: 69-75, 1993

Tagliaro, F., C. Poiesi, R. Aiello, R. Dorizzi, S. Ghielmi and M. Marigo, Capillary electrophoresis for the investigation of illicit drugs in hair: determination of cocaine and morphine, Journal of Chromatography, 638: 303-309, 1993

Welch, M. J., L. T. Sniegoski and C. C. Allgood, Interlaboratory comparison studies on the analysis of hair for drugs of abuse, Forensic Science International, 63: 295-303, 1993

Welch, M. J., L. T. Sniegoski, C. C. Allgood and M. Habram, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse: evaluation of analytical methods, environmental issues, and development of reference materials, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 17: 389-398, 1993

Baumgartner, W. A. and V. A. Hill (1992). Hair analysis for drugs of abuse: decontamination issues. Recent Developments in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Sunshine, I. New York, NY, Dekker: 577-597.

Inoue, T. and S. Seta, Analysis of drugs in unconventional samples, Forensic Sci. Rev., 4: 89-108, 1992

Kidwell, D. A. and D. L. Blank (1992). Hair analysis: techniques and potential problems. Recent Developments in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Sunshine, I. New York, NY, Dekker: 555-563.

Kintz, P., B. Ludes and P. Mangin, Detection of drugs in human hair using Abbott ADx, with confirmation by GC/MS, J. Forensic Sci., 37: 328-331, 1992

Kintz, P., A. Tracqui and P. Mangin, Detection of drugs in human hair for clinical and forensic applications, International Journal of Legal Medicine, 105: 1-4, 1992

Moeller, M. R., Drug detection in hair by chromatographic procedures. [Review], Journal of Chromatography, 580: 125-134, 1992

Uematsu, T., [Establishment of a method to analyze drugs in the hair and its application for determining patient compliance]. [Japanese], Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi Folia Pharmacologica Japonica, 100: 475-483, 1992

McBay, A. J. (1991). Hair drug testing: Review and update. 29th Int. Mtg. of TIAFT, Copenhagen, Denmark, Mackeenzie, Copenhagen.

Needleman, S. B., Further discussion on discussion of "Hair analysis for drugs of abuse" [letter], Journal of Forensic Sciences, 36: 629-630, 1991

Allgood, C. C., L. T. Sniegoski and M. J. Welch (1990). Determination of drugs of abuse in hair by GC/MS. 38th ASMS Conference, Tucson, AZ.

Arnold, W., The determination of drugs and their substitutes in human hairs, Forensic Science International, 46: 17-18, 1990

Balabanova, S. and E. Schneider, [Detection of drugs in sweat]. [German], Beitrage zur Gerichtlichen Medizin, 48: 45-49, 1990

Baumgartner, W. A. and V. A. Hill (1990). Hair analysis for drugs of abuse: Some forensic and policy issues. NIDA Conference on Hair Analysis, Rockville, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Holden, C., Hairy problems for new drug testing method [news] [see comments], Science, 249: 1099-1100, 1990

Kaferstein, H. and G. Sticht, [Comments on: "Detection of methadone in human hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry" and "Tetrahydrocannabinols in the hair of hashish smokers" (letter; comment)]. [German], Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin Journal of Legal Medicine, 103: 393-396, 1990

Strang, J., A. Marsh and N. Desouza, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse, Lancet, 24: 740, 1990

Strang, J., A. Marsh and N. Desouza, Hair analysis for drugs of abuse [letter] [see comments], Lancet, 335: 740, 1990

Baumgartner, W. A., Hair analysis for drugs of abuse, Employment testing, 3: 442-444, 1989

Cone, E. J., Hair testing for drugs, Employment Testing, 3: 439-442, 1989

Harkey, M. R. and G. L. Henderson (1989). Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. Advances in Analytical Toxicology. Baselt, R. C. Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers. 2: 298-329.

Offidani, C., A. Carnevale and M. Chiarotti, Drugs in hair: a new extraction procedure, Forensic Science International, 41: 35-39, 1989

Kidwell, D. A. (1988). Analysis of drugs of abuse in hair by tandem mass spectrometry. Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Francisco.

Arnold, W., [Analysis of organic drugs in hair from the head]. [German], Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser , Boden , und Lufthygiene, 71: 205-217, 1987

Bencze, K., [Validity of hair analysis], Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden-, und Lufthygiene, 71: 119-134, 1987

Brettell, T. A. and R. Saferstein, Forensic science. [Review] [536 refs], Analytical Chemistry, 57: 175R-187R, 1985

Solomons, E. T. and H. C. Walls, Analysis of arsenic in forensic cases utilizing a rapid, non-ashing technique and furnace atomic absorption, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 7: 220-222, 1983


Marijuana

Uhl, M., Determination of drugs in hair using GC/MS/MS, Forensic Science International, 84: 281-294, 1997

Cirimele, V., H. Sachs, P. Kintz and P. Mangin, Testing human hair for Cannabis. III. rapid screening procedure for the simultaneous identification of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, and cannabidiol, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 20: 13-16, 1996

Jurado, C., M. Menendez, M. Repetto, P. Kintz, V. Cirimele and P. Mangin, Hair testing for cannabis in Spain and France: is there a difference in consumption?, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 20: 111-115, 1996

Kauert, G. and J. Rohrich, Concentrations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cocaine and 6-monoacetylmorphine in hair of drug abusers, International Journal of Legal Medicine, 108: 294-299, 1996

Jurado, C., M. P. Gimenez, M. Menendez and M. Repetto, Simultaneous quantification of opiates, cocaine and cannabinoids in hair, Forensic Science International, 70: 165-174, 1995

Kintz, P., V. Cirimele and P. Mangin, Testing human hair for cannabis. II. Identification of THC-COOH by GC-MS-NCI as a unique proof, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 40: 619-622, 1995

Mieczkowski, T., A research note: the outcome of GC/MS/MS confirmation of hair assays on 93 cannabinoid (+) cases, Forensic Science International, 70: 83-91, 1995

Wilkins, D., H. Haughey, E. Cone, M. Huestis, R. Foltz and D. Rollins, Quantitative analysis of THC, 11-OH-THC, and THCCOOH in human hair by negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 19: 483-491, 1995

Balabanova, S., M. Kramer and G. Brandle, [Tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in synovial fluid of hashish smokers]. [German], Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie, 52: 38-40, 1993

McIntosh, N. D., First identification of drugs in Egyptian mummies [letter], Naturwissenschaften, 80: 245-246, 1993

Bogusz, M., [Comments on: "Tetrahydrocannabinols in hair of hashish smokers", S. Balabanova et al. and on the response by Dr. Balabanova to comments by H. Kaferstein and G. Sticht]. [German], Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin Journal of Legal Medicine, 103: 621-622, 1990

Balabanova, S., P. J. Arnold, V. Luckow, H. Brunner and H. U. Wolf, [Tetrahydrocannabinols in hair of hashish smokers (see comments)]. [German], Zeitschrift fur Rechtsmedizin Journal of Legal Medicine, 102: 503-508, 1989








 



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