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Economic Cost of Mortalities Due to Drug Abuse,
for Various Discount Rates, 1992
| Cause of Death, by ICD-9 Code |
ICD-9 Code |
Total Deaths |
Attributable to Drug Abuse |
Discounted Economic Impact
(millions of dollars) |
| Cause |
Percent |
Number |
3% |
4% |
6% |
| Direct Primary Causes |
| Drug psychoses |
292 |
13 |
100 |
13 |
6.7 |
5.9 |
4.7 |
| Drug dependence |
304 |
309 |
100 |
309 |
255.1 |
224.8 |
180.8 |
| Nondependent abuse of drugs |
305.2-305.9 |
777 |
100 |
777 |
618.8 |
544.6 |
437.1 |
| Drug withdrawal syndrome in newborn |
779.5 |
6 |
100 |
6 |
4.3 |
2.9 |
1.5 |
| Accidental overdose of psychoactive drugs |
| Opiates and related narcotics |
E850.0 |
1,279 |
100 |
1,279 |
1,130.9 |
992.5 |
792.4 |
| Aromatic analgesics, not elsewhere classified |
E850.2 |
69 |
100 |
69 |
36.7 |
32.2 |
25.9 |
| Other non-narcotic analgesics |
E850.7 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Other |
E850.8 |
167 |
100 |
167 |
151.7 |
132.6 |
105.2 |
| Unspecified analgesics and antipyretics |
E850.9 |
2 |
100 |
2 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
| Barbiturates |
E851 |
21 |
100 |
21 |
13.3 |
11.6 |
9.3 |
| Other sedatives and hypnotics |
E852 |
11 |
100 |
11 |
7.6 |
6.6 |
5.3 |
| Tranquilizers |
E853 |
65 |
100 |
65 |
39.6 |
34.9 |
28.1 |
| Other psychotropic agents (incl. antidepressants) |
E854 |
269 |
100 |
269 |
197.7 |
171.4 |
134.6 |
| Other drugs acting on the central and autonomic nervous system
|
E855 |
1,113 |
100 |
1,113 |
1,009.4 |
877.3 |
689.6 |
| Agricultural and horticultural chemical and pharmaceutical preparations other than plant foods and fertilizers
|
E863 |
18 |
100 |
18 |
9.9 |
8.4 |
6.3 |
| Accidental Overdose of Drugs and Medicaments |
| Salicylates |
E850.1 |
56 |
100 |
56 |
23.5 |
20.5 |
16.3 |
| Pyrazole derivatives |
E850.3 |
2 |
100 |
1 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
| Antirheumatics |
E850.4 |
3 |
100 |
2 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
| Other non-narcotic analgesics |
E850.5 |
79 |
100 |
79 |
60.8 |
53.5 |
42.9 |
| Accidental poisoning by antibiotics |
E856 |
55 |
100 |
55 |
15.3 |
13.3 |
10.6 |
| Accidental poisoning by other anti-infectives |
E857 |
5 |
100 |
5 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
| Hormones and synthetic substitutes |
E858.0 |
18 |
100 |
18 |
5.7 |
5.1 |
4.2 |
| Primarily systemic agents |
E858.1 |
44 |
100 |
44 |
21.3 |
18.2 |
14.0 |
| Agents primarily affecting blood constituents |
E858.2 |
33 |
100 |
33 |
13.0 |
9.9 |
6.4 |
| Agents primarily affecting cardiovascular system |
E858.3 |
218 |
100 |
218 |
16.8 |
14.9 |
12.2 |
| Agents primarily affecting gastrointestinal system |
E858.4 |
3 |
100 |
3 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
| Water mineral and uric acid metabolism drugs |
E858.5 |
75 |
100 |
75 |
13.6 |
11.8 |
9.4 |
| Agents primarily acting on the smooth and skeletal muscles and respiratory system
|
E858.6 |
8 |
100 |
8 |
3.7 |
3.1 |
2.4 |
| Agents primarily affecting skin and mucous membrane, ophthalmological, otorhinolaryngological, dental drugs
|
E858.7 |
7 |
100 |
7 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
| Other specified drugs |
E858.8 |
1,328 |
100 |
1,328 |
1,133.0 |
993.6 |
792.5 |
| Unspecified drug |
E858.9 |
1,021 |
100 |
1,021 |
855.1 |
749.6 |
597.3 |
|
Heroin, methadone, other opiates and related narcotics, and other drugs causing adverse effects in therapeutic use
|
E935.0-E935.2
E937-E940 |
27 |
100 |
27 |
5.4 |
4.8 |
3.9 |
|
Injury Undetermined Whether Accidental or Purposely Inflicted |
| Analgesics, antipyretics, and antirheumatics |
E980.0 |
491 |
100 |
491 |
404.7 |
355.0 |
283.4 |
| Barbiturates |
E980.1 |
13 |
100 |
13 |
9.3 |
8.1 |
6.5 |
| Other sedatives and hypnotics |
E980.2 |
8 |
100 |
8 |
6.0 |
5.3 |
4.2 |
| Tranquilizers and other psychotropic agents |
E980.3 |
159 |
100 |
159 |
109.9 |
96.5 |
77.3 |
| Other specified drugs and medicinal substances |
E980.4 |
478 |
100 |
478 |
405.1 |
352.9 |
278.6 |
| Unspecified drug or medicinal substance |
E980.5 |
252 |
100 |
252 |
201.0 |
176.6 |
141.3 |
| Other and unspecified solid and liquid substances |
E980.9 |
63 |
100 |
63 |
45.1 |
39.4 |
31.3 |
| Homicide and injury purposely inflicted by other persons |
E960-E969 |
25,144 |
10 |
2,514 |
2,239.2 |
1,893.7 |
1,426.6 |
| Other Causes |
| Tuberculosis |
010-018 |
1,705 |
4.5 |
77 |
21.2 |
19.0 |
15.7 |
| Hepatitis C |
See discussion |
4,500 |
20 |
900 |
819.4 |
698.2 |
532.0 |
| Hepatitis B |
See discussion |
9,000 |
30 |
2,700 |
2,438.3 |
2,077.9 |
1,583.9 |
| AIDS |
See discussion |
33,566 |
32 |
10,737 |
8,958.2 |
7,849.1 |
6,254.3 |
| Total |
25,493 |
21,316.3 |
18,524.6 |
14,574.9 |
Sources: Attribution factors: Gottshalk et al. (1977); analysis by The Lewin Group, Chu et al (1993), Alter et al. (1990a); number of deaths: National Center for Health Statistics (1996b); NCHS Public Use ICD-9 Data Tape (age and gender distribution for deaths by ICD code for 1991); economic costs: Rice (1997), personal communication. Present discounted values for 3 percent were estimated based on values for 2 percent and 4 percent, respectively.
Notes: Components may not sum to totals because of rounding.
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