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LAAM in the Treatment of Opiate Addiction
Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 22

Appendix A - Bibliography

Ball, J.C., Ross, A.: The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Patients, Programs, Services, & Outcome. New York, New York: Springer Verlag; 1991.

Billings, R.E., McMahon, R.E., Blake, D.A.: L-acetyl-methadol (LAM) treatment of opiate dependence: plasma and urine levels of two pharmacologically active metabolites. Life Sciences. 1974; 14:1437-1446.

Blachly, P.H.: L-alpha-acetyl methadol in the treatment of opiate addiction: progress report 1971. In: Rx: 3x/Week LAAM: Alternative to Methadone. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1976: 55-56. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 76-347. NIDA Research Monograph 8.

Blaine, J.D., Renault, P., Levine, G.L., Whysner, J. A.: Clinical use of LAAM. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1978; 311:214-231.

Brewer, C.: The management of opiate abuse: learning from other addictions. Journal of Drug Issues. 1988; 18:679-697.

California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs.: Evaluating Recovery Services: The California Drug and Alcohol Assessment (CALDATA). Sacramento: California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs; 1994.

Charuvastra, V.C.: A US Veterans Administration cooperative study on methadyl acetate. In: International Challenge of Drug Abuse. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse, 1976: 260-270. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 78-654. NIDA Research Monograph 9.

Charuvastra, V.C., Panell, J., Ling, W., Ouren, J.: Follow-up study of subjects on methadyl acetate and methadone. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1980; 6:273-284.

Chinn, D.M.: The biodisposition of 1-alpha-acetyl methadol and its principal metabolites: some fatal and nonfatal cases. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 1979; 3:143-149.

Crowley, T.J., Jones, R.H., Hydinger-Macdonald, M.J., et al.: Every-other-day acetylmethadol disturbs circadian cycles of human motility. Psychopharmacology. 1979; 6:151-155.

Crowley, T.J., MacDonald, M.J., Wagner, J.E., Zerbe, G.: Acetylmethadol versus methadone: human mood and motility. Psychopharmacology. 1985; 86:458-463.

Desmond, D.P.: Effectiveness of psychotherapeutic counseling in methadone maintenance. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1979; 4:439-447.

Dewey, W.L.: Various factors which affect the rate of development of tolerance and physical dependence to abused drugs. In: Mechanics of Tolerance and Dependence. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1984: 39-49. US Department of Health and Human Services publication ADM 84-1330. NIDA Research Monograph 54.

Dogoloff, L.I.: Toward a coherent system of narcotic addiction treatment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1978; 311:296-301.

Falek, A., Hollingsworth, F.: Heroin and chromosome damage. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1980; 37:227-228.

Finkle, B.S., Jennison, T.A., Chinn, D.M., Ling, W., Holmes, E.D.: Plasma and urine disposition of 1-alpha-acetylmethadol and its principal metabolites in man. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 1982; 6:100-105.

Fraser, A.D.: Clinical toxicology of drugs used in the treatment of opiate dependency. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 1990; 10:375-386.

Fraser, H.F., Gorodetzky, C.W., Kay, D.C., Yeh, S.Y.: Possible influence of opioid normetabolites on the onset, magnitude and quality of the opioid abstinence syndrome. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1980; 5:255-272.

Fraser, H.F., Isbell, H.: Actions and addiction liabilities of alpha-acetylmethadol in man. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy. 1952; 105:458-465

Freedman, R.R., Czertko, G.: A comparison of thrice weekly LAAM and daily methadone in employed heroic addicts. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1981; 8:215-222.

Goldstein, A.: A clinical experience with LAAM. In: Rx: 3x/Week LAAM: Alternative to Methadone. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1976: 115-117. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 76-347. NIDA Research Monograph 8.

Goldstein, A.: On the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of heroin addiction. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1975; 2:279-288.

Goldstein, A., Judson, B.: Three critical issues in the management of methadone programs: critical issue 3: can the community be protected against the hazards of take-home methadone? In: Bourne, P.G., ed. Addiction. New York, New York: Academic Press; 1974: 140-148.

Gorski, T.T.: Managed care: a guide to survival. Addiction and Recovery. 1993; November:6-10.

Grevert, P., Masover, B., Goldstein, A.: Failure of methadone and levomethadyl acetate (levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, LAAM) maintenance to affect memory. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1977; 34:849-853.

Hargreaves, W.A., Ling, W., Brown, T.C., et al.: Women on LAAM maintenance: initial experiences. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 1979; 11:223-229.

Hargreaves, W.A., Tyler, J, Weinberg, J.A., Sorensen, J.L., Benowitz, N.: (-)-Alpha-acetylmethadol effects on alcohol and diazepam use, sexual function and cardiac function. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1983; 12:323-332.

Henderson, G.L., Wilson, B.K., Lau, D.H.: Plasma 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) after acute and chronic administration. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1977; 21:16-25.

Ho, A.K., Chen, R.C.: Interactions of narcotics, narcotic antagonists, and ethanol during acute, chronic, and withdrawal states. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1976; 281:297-310.

Institute of Medicine.: Federal Regulation of Methadone Treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1995.

Inturrisi, C.E.: Disposition of narcotics and narcotic antagonists. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1976; 281:273-287.

Jaffe, J.H., Schuster, C.R., Smith, B.B., Blackly, P.H.: Comparison of acetylmethadol and methadone in the treatment of long-term heroin users: a pilot study. In: Rx: 3x/Week LAAM: Alternative to Methadone. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1976: 72-73. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 76-347. NIDA Research Monograph 8.

Jaffe, J.H., Senay, E.C.: Methadone and l-methadyl acetate. Use in management of narcotic addicts. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1971; 216:1303-1305.

Jaffe, J.H., Senay, E.C., Schuster, C.R., et al.: Methadyl acetate vs. methadone: a double-blind study in heroin users. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1972; 222:437-442.

Jakubovic, A.: Degradation of met-enkephalin by extracts of various regions of the human brain: effects of antipsychotics and narcotics in vitro. Peptides. 1982; 3:21-26.

Jasinski, D.R.: Recent developments in chemotherapy of narcotic addiction. Part VI. LAAM and narcotic antagonists: introductory remarks. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1978; 311:197-198.

Judson, B.A., Carney, T.M., Goldstein, A.: Naltrexone treatment of heroin addiction: efficacy and safety in a double-blind dosage comparison. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1981; 7:325-346.

Judson, B.A., Goldstein, A.: Episodes of heroin use during maintenance treatment with stable dosage of (-)-alpha-acetylmethadol (methadol acetate, LAAM). Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1983; 11:271-278.

Judson, B.A., Goldstein, A.: Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) in the treatment of heroin addicts. I. Dosage schedule for induction and stabilization. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1979; 4:461-466.

Judson, B.A., Goldstein, A.: Naltrexone treatment of heroin addiction: one-year follow-up. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. . 1984; 13:357-365.

Judson, B.A., Goldstein, A.: Symptom complaints of patients maintained on methadone, LAAM (methadyl acetate) and naltrexone at different times in their addiction careers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1982; 10:269-282.

Judson, B.A., Goldstein, A., Inturrisi, C.E.: Methadyl acetate (LAAM) in the treatment of heroin addicts. II. Double-blind comparison of gradual and abrupt detoxification. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1983; 40:834-840.

Judson, B.A., Himmelberger, D.U., Goldstein, A.: The naloxone test for opiate dependence. Clinical and Pharmocologic Therapeutics. 1980; 27:492-501.

Kaiko, R.F., Inturrisi, C.E.: Disposition of acetyl-methodol in relation to pharmacologic action. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1975; 18:96-103.

Karp-Gelernter, E., Savage, C., McCabe, O.L.: Evaluation of clinic attendance schedules for LAAM and methadone: a controlled study. International Journal of the Addictions. 1982; 17:805-813.

Karp-Gelernter, E., Wurmser, L., Savage, C.: Therapeutic effects of methadone and 1-alpha-acetylmethodol. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1976; 133:955-957.

Keats, A.S., Beecher, H.K.: Analgesic activity and toxic effects of acetylmethadol isomers in man. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy. 1952; 105:210-215.

Klett, C.J.: The SAODAP cooperative studies of LAAM: unblinded comparison with methadone. In: The International Challenge of Drug Abuse. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1978: 271-276. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 78-654. NIDA Research Monograph 19.

Leimbach, D.G., Eddy, N.B.: Synthetic analgesics: III. Methadols, isomethadols and their acyl derivatives. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy. . 1954; 110:135-147.

Ling, W.: Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) for opiate addiction. Current Psychiatric Therapies. 1978; 18:173-180.

Ling, W.: Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol: new drug for old habits. In: The International Challenge of Drug Abuse. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1978: 242-248. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 78-654. NIDA Research Monograph 19.

Ling, W., Blakis, M., Holmes, E.D., et al.: Restabilization with methadone after methadyl acetate maintenance. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1980; 37:194-196.

Ling, W., Charuvastra, C., Kaim, S.C., Klett, C.J.: Methadyl acetate and methadone as maintenance treatments for heroin addicts. A Veterans Administration cooperative study. Archives of General Psychiatry. . 1976; 33:709-720.

Ling, W., Charuvastra, V.C., Klett, C.J.: Current status of the evaluation of LAAM as a maintenance drug for heroin addicts. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1975; 2:307-315.

Ling, W., Dorus, W., Hargreaves, W.A., et al.: Alternative induction and crossover schedules for methadyl acetate. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1984; 4:193-199.

Ling, W., Klett, C. J., Gillis, R.D.: A cooperative clinical study of methadyl acetate. I. Three-times-a-week regimen. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1978; 35:345-353.

Lopez, F.: Confidentiality of Patient Records for Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment. Technical Assistance Publication Series 13. Rockville, Maryland: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment; 1994. US Department of Health and Human Services publication SMA 95-3018.

Marcovici, M., O'Brien, C.P., McLellan, A.T., Kacian, J.: A clinical controlled study of l-alpha-acetylmethadol in the treatment of narcotic addiction. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1981; 138:234-236.

Massey, W.J.: The "step-down" model of chemical dependency treatment. Addiction and Recovery. 1993: November:11-13.

Matsuyama, S.S., Charuvastra, V.C., Jarvik, L.F., et al.: Chromosomes in patients receiving methadone and methadyl acetate. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1978; 35:989-991.

Matsuyama, S.S., Charuvastra, V.C., Ouren, J., Schwartz, J., Jarvik, L.: Immunoglobulin levels in heroin addicts after treatment with methadone and methadyl acetate. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1980; 6:345-348.

McLellan, A.T., Alterman, A.I., Cacciola, J., Metzger, D.S., O'Brien, C.P.: A new measure of substance abuse treatment. Initial studies of the treatment services review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1992; 180:101-110.

McLellan, A.T., Durell, J.: Outcome evaluation in psychiatric and substance abuse treatments: concepts, rationale and methods. Submitted for publication. 1995.

McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., O'Brien, C.P., Woody, G.E.: An improved diagnostic instrument for substance abuse patients: the Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1980; 168:26-33.

McLellan, A.T., Parikh, G., Braff, A., et al.: Addiction Severity Index, Administration Manual, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Veterans' Administration Center for Studies of Addiction; 1990.

McMillan, D.E: Effects of N-substituted analogs of (-) -a- acetylmethadol and (-) -a- methadol on schedule controlled behavior. Drug Development Research. 1982; 2:419-425.

Mendelson, J.H., Inturrisi, C.E., Renault, P., Senay, E.C.: Effects of acetylmethadol on plasma testosterone. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1976; 19:371-374.

Misra, A.L., Mule, S.J.: L-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) pharmacokinetics and metabolism: current status. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1975; 2:301-305.

Moolchan, E.T., Hoffman, J.A.: Phases of treatment: a practical approach to methadone maintenance treatment. International Journal of the Addictions. 1994; 29:135-160.

National Institute on Drug Abuse, Medications Development Division: Information on LAAM: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Clinical Trial Results. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1993.

Newmann, M.C., Klett, J.C, Stillman, R.: Implementing a national study of a new maintenance drug. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1975; 2:289-300.

On the LAAM: new drug for opiate addiction.: State ADM Report. 1993; July/August: 3.

[no authors listed]: ORLAAM: levo methadyl acetate hydrochloride oral solution for the management of opiate dependence: information for physicians. Columbus, Ohio: Roxane Laboratories, Inc., no date.

Parwatikar, S., Crawford, J., Unverdi, C.: LAAM (l-a-acetylmethadol) study in St. Louis. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1975; 2:341-352.

Payte, T.: Unpublished study; 1992.

Peck, R.L.: Addictions treatment: where it's headed. Addiction and Recovery. 1993; November:14-17.

Preston, K.L., Bigelow, G.E.: Pharmacological advances in addiction treatment. International Journal of the Addictions. 1985; 20:845-867.

Rapp, R.C., Siegal, H.A., Fisher, J.H., et al.: A "strengths-based" approach to enhance treatment compliance. Addiction and Recovery. 1993; November:22-25.

Rawson, R.A., Ling, W.: Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) for the Treatment of Opiate Dependence: A White Paper. Prepared for the California Office of Alcohol and Drug Programs; 1993.

Renault, P.F.: The future of LAAM. In: The International Challenge of Drug Abuse. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse. 1978: 291-293. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 78-654. NIDA Research Monograph 19.

Resnick, R.: Problems of methadone diversion and implications for control. International Journal of the Addictions. 1977; 12:803-805.

Rounsaville, B.J., Tims, F.M., Horton, A.M. Jr., Sowder, B.J.: Diagnostic Source Book on Drug Abuse Treatment and Research. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1993. US Department of Health and Human Services publication NIH 93-3508.

Savage, C., Karp, E., Curran, S.: A methadone/(1)-alpha acetylmethadol (LAAM) maintenance study [proceedings]. In: Rx: 3x/Week LAAM: Alternative to Methadone. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1976: 86-87. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 76-347. NIDA Research Monograph 8.

Savage, C., Karp, E.G., Curran, S.F., Hanlon, T.E., McCabe, O.L.: Methadone/LAAM maintenance: a comparison study. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1976; 17:415-424.

Schecter, A., Kauders, F.: Patient deaths in a narcotic antagonist (naltrexone) and l-alpha-acetylmethadol program. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1975; 2:443-449.

Segal, R., Everson, A., Sellers, E.M., Thakur, R.: Failure of acetylmethadol in treatment of narcotic addicts due to nonpharmacologic factors. CMA Journal. 1976; 115:1014-1016.

Senay, E.C.: Methadone maintenance treatment. International Journal of the Addictions. 1985; 20:803-821.

Senay, E.C., Dorus, W., Renault, P.F.: Methadyl acetate and methadone. An open comparison. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1977; 237:138-142.

Senay, E.C., Jaffe, J.H., DiMenza, S., Renault, P.F.: A 48-week study of methadone, methadyl acetate, and minimal services. In: Fisher, S., and Freedman, A.M., eds. Opiate Addiction: Origins & Treatment. New York: Halsted; 1974.

Senay, E.C., Renault, P.F., DiMenza, S., et al.: Three times a week LAAM equals seven times a week methadone: a preliminary report of a controlled study. In: Senay, E., Shorty, V., and Alksne, H., eds. Developments in the Field of Drug Abuse: Proceedings. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Shenkman; 1975.

Serban, G.: New approach to the rehabilitation of the hard core drug addict (heroin methadone addicts) a pilot community study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1978; 39:111-116.

Silverman, K., Schuster, C.R., Brooner, R.K., Montoya, I.D., Preston, K.L.: Contingency management of cocaine use in a methadone maintenance program. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy. Atlanta, Georgia; 1993.

Sorensen, J.L., Hargreaves, W.A., Weinberg, J.A.: Heroin addict responses to six weeks of detoxification with LAAM. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1982; 9:79-87.

Sorensen, J.L., Hargreaves, W.A., Weinberg, J.A.: Withdrawal from heroin in three or six weeks: comparison of LAAM versus methadone. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1982; 39:167-171.

Swanson, D.A.: Pharmacotherapy of opiate addiction. South African Medical Journal. 1976; 50:857-859.

Tennant, F.S. Jr., Rawson, R.A., Pumphrey, E., Seecof, R.: Clinical experiences with 959 opioid-dependent patients treated with levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM). Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1986; 3:195-202.

Thomas, D.B., Whysner, J.A., Newmann, M.C.: The phase III clinical evaluation of LAAM: I. Comparative epidemiology of mortality in LAAM and methadone. In: Problems of Drug Dependence. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1979: 289-295b. NIDA Research Monograph 27.

Toro-Goyco, E.: Binding of l-alpha-acetymethadol and its metabolites to blood constituents. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1980; 29:1897-1902.

Wilson, B.K., Spannagel, V., Thomson, C.P.: The use of l-alpha-acetylmethadol in treatment of heroin addiction: an open study. International Journal of the Addictions. 1976; 11 1091-1100.

Whysner, J.A.: Phase III clinical study of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol. In: International Challege of Drug Abuse. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1978; 109-111. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 78-654. NIDA Research Monograph 19.

Wolven, A., Archer, S.: Toxicology of LAAM. In: Rx: 3x/Week LAAM: Alternative to Methadone. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Drug Abuse, 1976; 29-38. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM 76-347. Research Monograph 8.

Young, N.K.: Invest in Treatment for Alcohol and Other Drug Problems: It Pays. Washington, D.C.: National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors; 1994.

Zaks, A., Fink, M., Freedman, A.M.: Levomethadyl in maintenance treatment of opiate dependence. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1972; 220:811-813.

Zangwell, B.C., McGahan, P., Dorozynsky, L., McLellan, A.T.: How effective is LAAM treatment? Clinical comparison with methadone. In: Harris, L.S., ed. Problems of Drug Dependence: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Scientific Meeting, the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1986: 249-255. NIDA Research Monograph 67.

Zweben, J.E., Payte, J.T.: Methadone maintenance in the treatment of opioid dependence. A current perspective. Western Journal of Medicine.1990; 152:588B599.

Other Authorities

Drugs Used for Treatment of Narcotic Addicts, 21 C.F.R. Part 291 Section 291. 505 (1993), 201.57 (1994).

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LAAM in the Treatment of Opiate Addiction Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 22

Appendix A - Bibliography

Other Authorities

LAAM in the Treatment of Opiate Addiction
Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 22