Research and Practice Evidence Analyzed

Economic Interventions

Research Evidence

Glantz, S.A. Changes in cigarette consumption, prices, and tobacco industry revenues associated with California's Proposition 99. Tobacco Control 2:311-314, 1993.

Peterson, D.E.; Zeger, S.L.; Remington, P.L.; and Anderson, H.A. The effect of State cigarette tax increases on cigarette sales, 1955 to 1988. American Journal of Public Health 82:94-96, 1992.

United States General Accounting Office. Teenage Smoking: Higher Taxes Should Significantly Reduce the Number of Smokers: Report to the Honorable Michael A. Andrews, House of Representatives. GAO Pub. No. 89-119. Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1989.

Warner, K.E. Smoking and health implications of a change in the federal cigarette excise tax. Journal of the American Medical Association 255:1028-1032, 1986.

Counteradvertising

Research Evidence

Bauman, K.E.; LaPrelle, J.; Brown, J.D.; Koch, G.G.; and Padgett, C.A. The influence of three mass media campaigns on variables related to adolescent cigarette smoking: Results of a field experiment. American Journal of Public Health 81:597-604, 1991.

Flynn, B.S.; Worden, J.K.; Secker-Walker, R.H.; Badger, G.J.; Geller, B.M.; and Costanza, M.C. Prevention of cigarette smoking through mass media intervention and school programs. American Journal of Public Health 82:827-834, 1992.

Flynn, B.S.; Worden, J.K.; Secker-Walker, R.H.; Pirie, P.L.; Badger, G.J.; Carpenter, J.H.; and Geller, B.M. Mass media and school interventions for cigarette smoking prevention: Effects 2 years after completion. American Journal of Public Health 84:1148-1150, 1994.

McKenna, J.W., and Williams, K.N. Crafting effective tobacco counteradvertisements: Lessons from a failed campaign directed at teenagers. Public Health Reports 108 (Supp.1):85-89, 1993.

Murray, D.M.; Prokhorov, A.V.; and Harty, K.C. Effects of a Statewide antismoking campaign on mass media messages and smoking beliefs. Preventive Medicine 23:54-60, 1994.

Popham, W.J.; Potter, L.D.; Hetrick, M.A.; Muthen, L.K.; Duerr, J.M.; and Johnson, M.D. Effectiveness of the California 1990-1991 Tobacco Education Media Campaign. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19(6):319-326, 1994.

Retailer-Directed Interventions

Cluster 1: Research Evidence

Altman, D.G.; Foster, V.; Rasenick-Douss, L.; and Tye, J.B. Reducing the illegal sale of cigarettes to minors. Journal of the American Medical Association 261:80-83, 1989.

Altman, D.G.; Rasenick-Douss, L.; Foster, V.; and Tye, J.B. Sustained effects of an educational program to reduce sales of cigarettes to minors. American Journal of Public Health 81:891-893, 1991.

Biglan, A.; Henderson, J.; Humphreys, D.; Yasui, M.; Whisman, R.; Black, C.; and James, L. "Experimental Evaluation of a Community Intervention to Reduce Youth Access to Tobacco." Unpublished manuscript, 1994a.

Keay, K.D.; Woodruff, S.I.; Wildey, M.B.; and Kenney, E.M. Effects of a retailer intervention on cigarette sales to minors in San Diego County, California. Tobacco Control 2:145-151, 1993.

Skretny, M.T.; Cummings, K.M.; Sciandra, R.; and Marshall, J. An intervention to reduce the sale of cigarettes to minors. New York State Journal of Medicine 90:54-55, 1990.

Wildey, M.B.; Woodruff, S.I.; Agro, A.; Keay, K.D.; Kenney, E.M.; and Conway, T.L. Sustained effects of educating retailers to reduce cigarette sales to minors. Public Health Reports 110:625-629.

Cluster 1: Practice Evidence

The Tobacco-Free Youth Project of the COMMIT to a Healthier Raleigh Project: Raleigh, North Carolina.

Cluster 2: Research Evidence

Forster, J.L.; Hourigan, M.E.; and Kelder, S. Locking devices on cigarette machines: Evaluation of a city ordinance. American Journal of Public Health 82:1217-1219, 1992a.

Forster, J.L.; Hourigan, M.; and McGovern, P. Availability of cigarettes to underage youth in three communities. Preventive Medicine 21:320-328, 1992b.

Hinds, M.W. Impact of a local ordinance banning tobacco sales to minors. Public Health Reports 107:355-358, 1992.

Jason, L.A.; Ji, P.Y.; Anes, M.D.; and Birkhead, S.H. Active enforcement of cigarette control laws in the prevention of cigarette sales to minors. Journal of the American Medical Association 266:3159-3161, 1991.

Cluster 3: Research Evidence

Feighery, E.; Altman, D.G.; and Shaffer, G. The effects of combining education and enforcement to reduce tobacco sales to minors: A study of four northern California communities. Journal of the American Medical Association 266:3168-3171, 1991.

Jason, L.A.; Ji, P.Y.; Anes, M.D.; and Birkhead, S.H. Active enforcement of cigarette control laws in the prevention of cigarette sales to minors. Journal of the American Medical Association 266:3159-3161, 1991.

Cluster 3: Practice Evidence

The Dover Youth Access to Tobacco Reduction Program of the Dover Police Department: Dover, New Hampshire.

The Pajaro Valley Prevention and Student Assistance program of the Pajaro Valley Unified School District: Wastonville, California.

The Project SCAN (Stop Children's Addiction To Nicotine): Erie County, New York.

The Stop Tobacco Access for Minors Project of the North Bay Health Resources Center: Sonoma County, California.

The Stop Teenage Addiction to Tobacco program of Stanford University School of Medicine: San Jose, California.

Multicomponent School-Linked Community Approaches

Cluster 1: Research Evidence

Biglan, A.; Ary, D.; Yudelson, H.; Duncan, T.; Hood, D.; James, L.; Koehn, V.; Wright, Z.; Black, C.; Levings, D.; Smith, S.; and Gaiser, E. "Experimental Evaluation of a Modular Approach to Media Campaigns for the Prevention of Adolescent Tobacco Use." Unpublished manuscript, 1994b.

Flay, B.R.; Hansen, W.B.; Johnson, C.A.; Collins, L.M.; Dent, C.W.; Dwyer, K.M.; Grossman, L.; Hockstein, G.; Rauch, J.; Sobel, J.L.; Sobel, D.F.; Sussman, S.; and Ulene, A. Implementing effectiveness trial of a social influences smoking prevention program using schools and television. Health Education Research 2:385-400, 1987.

Pentz, M.A.; MacKinnon, D.P.; Dwyer, J.H.; Wang, E.Y.I.; Hansen, W.B.; Flay, B.R.; and Johnson, C.A. Longitudinal effects of the Midwestern Prevention Project on regular and experimental smoking in adolescents. Preventive Medicine 18:304-321, 1989a.

Pentz, M.A.; MacKinnon, D.P.; Flay, B.R.; Hansen, W.B.; Johnson, C.A.; and Dwyer, J.H. Primary prevention of chronic diseases in adolescence: Effects of the Midwestern Prevention Project on tobacco use. American Journal of Epidemiology 130:713-724, 1989b.

Perry, C.L.; Crockett, S.J.; and Pirie, P. Influencing parental health behavior: Implications of community assessments. Health Education October/November, 1987.

Perry, C.L.; Pirie, P.; Holder, W.; Halper, A.; and Dudovitz, B. Parent involvement in cigarette smoking prevention: Two pilot evaluations of the "Unpuffables Program." Journal of School Health 60:443-447, 1990.

Stevens, M.M.; Youells, F.E.; Freeman, D.H.; Linsey, S.C.; and Mott, L.A. Smokeless tobacco use among children: The New Hampshire Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 9:160-167, 1993.

Werch, C.E.; Young, M.; Clark, M.; Garrett, C.; Hooks, S.; and Kersten, C. Effects of a take-home drug prevention program on drug-related communication and beliefs of parents and children. Journal of School Health 61:346-350, 1991.

Cluster 1: Practice Evidence

The Multicultural Area Health Education Center project: East Los Angeles, California.

Cluster 2: Research Evidence

Biglan, A.; Ary, D.; Yudelson, H.; Duncan, T.; Hood, D.; James, L.; Koehn, V.; Wright, Z.; Black, C.; Levings, D.; Smith, S.; and Gaiser, E. "Experimental Evaluation of a Modular Approach to Media Campaigns for the Prevention of Adolescent Tobacco Use." Unpublished manuscript, 1994b.

Edwards, C.C.; Elder, J.P.; de Moor, C.; Wildey, M.B.; Mayer, J.A.; and Senn, K.L. Predictors of participation in a school-based antitobacco activism program. Journal of Community Health 17:283-289, 1992.

Elder, J.P.; Sallis, J.F.; Woodruff, S.I.; and Wildey, M.B. Tobacco-refusal skills and tobacco use among high-risk adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 16:629-642, 1993.

Cluster 2: Practice Evidence

The Health Is Wealth project of the Asian Health Services: Oakland, California.

Cluster 3: Research Evidence

Biglan, A.; Ary, D.; Yudelson, H.; Duncan, T.; Hood, D.; James, L.; Koehn, V.; Wright, Z.; Black, C.; Levings, D.; Smith, S.; and Gaiser, E. "Experimental Evaluation of a Modular Approach to Media Campaigns for the Prevention of Adolescent Tobacco Use." Unpublished manuscript, 1994b.

Flay, B.R.; Hansen, W.B.; Johnson, C.A.; Collins, L.M.; Dent, C.W.; Dwyer, K.M.; Grossman, L.; Hockstein, G.; Rauch, J.; Sobel, J.L.; Sobel, D.F.; Sussman, S.; and Ulene, A. Implementing effectiveness trial of a social influences smoking prevention program using schools and television. Health Education Research 2:385-400, 1987.

Flynn, B.S.; Worden, J.K.; Secker-Walker, R.H.; Badger, G.J.; Geller, B.M.; and Costanza, M.C. Prevention of cigarette smoking through mass media intervention and school programs. American Journal of Public Health 82:827-834, 1992.

Flynn, B.S.; Worden, J.K.; Secker-Walker, R.H.; Pirie, P.L.; Badger, G.J.; Carpenter, J.H.; and Geller, B.M. Mass media and school interventions for cigarette smoking prevention: Effects 2 years after completion. American Journal of Public Health 84:1148-1150, 1994.

Pentz, M.A.; MacKinnon, D.P.; Dwyer, J.H.; Wang, E.Y.I.; Hansen, W.B.; Flay, B.R.; and Johnson, C.A. Longitudinal effects of the Midwestern Prevention Project on regular and experimental smoking in adolescents. Preventive Medicine 18:304-321, 1989a.

Pentz, M.A.; MacKinnon, D.P.; Flay, B.R.; Hansen, W.B.; Johnson, C.A.; and Dwyer, J.H. Primary prevention of chronic diseases in adolescence: Effects of the Midwestern Prevention Project on tobacco use. American Journal of Epidemiology 130:713-724, 1989b.

Tobacco Free-Environment Policies

Research Evidence

Nelson, D.E.; Sacks, J.J.; and Addiss, D.G. Smoking policies of licensed child day-care centers in the United States. Pediatrics 91:460-463, 1993.

Pentz, M.A.; Brannon, B.R.; Charlin, V.L.; Barrett, E.J.; MacKinnon, D.P.; and Flay, B.R. The power of policy: The relationship of smoking policy to adolescent smoking. American Journal of Public Health 79:857-862, 1989c.

Practice Evidence

The Colorado Tobacco-Free Schools and Communities Project of the Colorado School Health Council: Denver, Colorado.

Restriction of Advertising and Promotion

Practice Evidence

The Coalition Against Uptown Cigarettes: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The Coalition for a Tobacco-Free Monterey County: Monterey, California.

The Ski Tobacco-Free project of the Kirkwood Ski Education Foundation: Kirkwood Ski Resort, Alpine County, California.

The Tobacco-Free Soccer League Initiative Project of the Health Education Council: Sacramento, California.