The Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS) Series was initiated to systematically evaluate both research and practice evidence on substance abuse prevention and then compile recommendations for the field. In doing so, PEPS strives to maximize the prevention efforts of State substance abuse prevention agencies, practitioners, and local communities.

Prakash L. Grover, Ph.D., M.P.H., is the Program Director of PEPS and the Executive Editor of the guideline series for the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP). Mary Davis, Dr.P.H., served as the team leader of the staff. Richard Clayton, Ph.D., wrote Chapters 1 and 2, and Mim Landry crafted Chapter 3 out of deliberations of the subpanel of experts. Mary Davis and Jennie Heard wrote Chapter 4. The staff wrote chapters with substantial assistance from the Expert Panel. Chip Moore assumed primary responsibility for editing the document in its final stages. Donna Dean wrote the Practitioner's Guide and the Community Guide based on the evidence summarized in the main guideline. Substantial review was conducted by Robert W. Denniston, Mark Weber, Tom Vischi, and Lisa Gilmore. During development of this guideline, Sheila Harley, CSAP, served as the Government Project Officer of the Prevention Technical Assistance to States (PTATS) project under which this publication was produced.

This publication was prepared for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), CSAP by Birch & Davis Associates, Inc. (Contract No. 277-92-1011).

The presentations herein are those of the Expert Panel and do not necessarily reflect the opinions, official policy, or position of CSAP, SAMHSA, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

DHHS Publication No. (SMA)97-3147.