Division of Workplace Programs
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Department of Health and Human Services
This CSAP Technical Report was prepared by the Division of
Workplace Programs, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
(CSAP), and published by its Division of Community Education. The
primary objective of the Technical Report series is to facilitate the
transfer of prevention and intervention technology between and
among researchers, administrators, policymakers, educators, and
providers in the public and private sectors. At times, this series will
publish reviews of innovative or exemplary programming models
and reviews of evaluative studies conducted by CSAPgrantees.
This publication was written by Walter F. Vogl, Ph.D., Division of Workplace
Programs, CSAP, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
All material appearing in this book, except quoted passages from
copyrighted sources, is in the public domain and may be used or
reproduced without permission from CSAPor the authors. Citation of
the source is appreciated.
CSAP Production and Editing Officer: Joan White Quinlan
DHHS Publication No. (SMA)96-3114
Printed 1996
Managing Editor
Division of Workplace Programs
Walter F. Vogl, Ph.D.
Project Officer, Division of Workplace Programs
Deborah Galvin, Ph.D.
Donna M. Bush, Ph.D.
Chief, Drug Testing Section
Division of Workplace Programs
CSAP Technical Report Series
Elaine M. Johnson, Ph.D.
Director, CSAP
Joseph H. Autry, III, M.D.
Director, Division of Workplace Programs
Robert W. Denniston
Director, Division of Community Education
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Public Health Service