Many references to community supervision are made throughout this TIP. The following list of general definitions may help a reader who is not familiar with the criminal justice system. However, the definitions may vary slightly from place to place because jurisdictions organize their supervision systems in different ways.
Probation is typically court-ordered supervision imposed in lieu of jail or prison.
Parole is supervision imposed at the end of a jail or prison sentence, perhaps shortening the period of incarceration. As with probation, parole may be revoked, resulting in the individual being incarcerated.
Postprison supervision is used to describe supervision following a completed period of incarceration. Some States have replaced their parole systems with postprison supervision.
Community supervision is the general category that includes all the terms listed above. There are other forms of community supervision as well, such as courts that have their own supervision systems. In this TIP, community supervision is the most commonly used term. A community supervision agent, then, could be a parole officer.
Figure 1-2
Characteristics of Both Outreach and Reach-in Models
Early prerelease planning
Development of an effective community reentry and relapse prevention plan
Establishment of linkages among service systems as designated by the plan
Incorporation of continued community treatment plans as a condition of parole or probation where possible
Monitoring the offender to ensure that linkages have been made, that transition services are appropriate, and that new issues that have arisen are being addressed
Establishment of a standard protocol for this function within the system's infrastructure
Contracted third-party services can fit with either model
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