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Detoxification From Alcohol and Other Drugs
Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 19

Exhibit 2-1

ASAM Patient Placement Criteria Applied to Detoxification Settings

ASAM Patient Placement Criteria Applied to Detoxification Settings
ASAM Patient Placement Criteria Level of Care Treatment Setting Recommended by Consensus Panel
Level I: Outpatient treatment Outpatient care methadone maintenance
Level II: Intensive outpatient or partial hospitalization Intensive outpatient program
Level III: Medically monitored intensive inpatient treatment Medical subacute hospital
Chemical dependency recovery programs
Level IV: Medically managed intensive inpatient treatment Psychiatric hospital
Medical acute-care hospital
Emergency room

Exhibit 3-1 Addiction Research Foundation Clinical Institute for Withdrawal Assessment - Alcohol (CIWA-Ar)

Addiction Research Foundation Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment-Alcohol (CIWA-Ar)
This scale is not copyrighted and may be used freely.
Patient: ___________________ Date: /___/___/___ Time: ___ : ______
(24 hour clock, midnight = 00:00)
NAUSEA AND VOMITING-- Ask "Do you feel sick to your stomach? Have you vomited? "
Observation. 0 no nausea and no vomiting
1 mild nausea with no vomiting
2
3
4 intermittent nausea with dry heaves
5
6
7 constant nausea, frequent dry heaves and vomiting
TACTICLE DISTURBANCES--Ask "Have you any itching, pins and needles sensations, any burning, any numbness, or do you feel bugs crawling on or under your skin?"
Observation.
0 none
1 mild itching, pins and needles, burning or numbness
2 mild itching, pins and needles, burning or numbness
3 moderate itching, pins and needles, burning or numbness
4 moderately severe hallucinations
5 severe hallucinations
6 extremely severe hallucinations
7 continuous hallucinations
TREMOR--Arms extended and fingers spread apart.
Observation.
0 no tremor
1 not visible, but can be felt fingertip to fingertip
2
3
4 moderate, with patient's arms extended
5
6
7 severe, even with arms not extended
AUDITORY DISTURBANCES--Ask "Are you more aware of sounds around you? Are they harsh? Do they frighten you? Are you hearing anything that is disturbing to you? Are you hearing things you know are not there?"
Observation.
0 not present
1 very mild harshness or ability to frighten
2 mild harshness or ability to frighten
3 moderate harshness or ability to frighten
4 moderately severe hallucinations
5 severe hallucinations
6 extremely severe hallucinations
7 continuous hallucinations.
PAROSYSMAL SWEATS--Observation.
0 no sweat visible
1 barely perceptible sweating, palms moist
2
3
4 beads of sweat obvious on forehead
5
6
7 drenching sweats
VISUAL DISTURBANCES--Ask "Does the light appear to be too bright? Is its color different? Does it hurt your eyes? Are you seeing anything that is disturbing to you? Are you seeing things you know are not there?"
Observation.
0 not present
1 very mild sensitivity
2 mild sensitivity
3 moderate sensitivity
4 moderately severe hallucinations
5 severe hallucinations
6 extremely severe hallucinations
7 continuous hallucinations
ANXIETY--Ask "Do you feel nervous?"
Observation.
0 no anxiety, at ease
1 mildly anxious
2
3
4 moderately anxious, or guarded, so anxiety is inferred
5
6
7 equivalent to acute panic states as seen in severe delirium or acute schizophrenic reactions.
HEADACHE, FULLNESS IN HEAD--Ask "Does your head feel different? Does it feel like there is a band around your head? "
Do not rate for dizziness or lightheadedness. Otherwise, rate severity.
0 not present
1 very mild
2 mild
3 moderate
4 moderately severe
5 severe
6 very severe
7 extremely severe
AGITATION--Observation.
0 normal activity
1 somewhat more than normal activity
2
3
4 moderately fidgety and restless
5
6
7 paces back and forth during most of the interview, or constantly thrashes about
ORIENTATION AND CLOUDING OF SENSORIUM--Ask "What day is this? Where are you? Who am I?"
0 oriented and can do serial additions
1 cannot do serial additions or is uncertain about date
2 disoriented for date by no more than 2 calendar days
3 disoriented for date by more than 2 calendar days
4 disoriented for place and/or person
Total CIWA-A Score ____
Rater's Initials ____
Maximum Possible Score 67

Exhibit 3-2 Signs and Symptoms of Opiate Abstinence

Signs and Symptoms of Opiate Abstinence
EARLYADVANCED
Anxiety
Increased respiratory rate
Sweating
Lacrimation (tearing or crying
Yawning
Rhinorrhea (runny nose)
Piloerection (goosebumps)
Restlessness
Anorexia
Irritability
Dilated pupils
Insomnia
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Weakness
Abdominal cramps
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Muscle spasms
Muscle and bone pain

Exhibit 3-3 Medications Recommended for Symptomatic Relief of Opiate Withdrawal

Medications Recommended for Symptomatic Relief of Opiate Withdrawal*
Headache: Acetaminophen (Tylenol), 650 mg every 4 hours if needed
Muscle, Joint, or Bone Pain: Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), 600-800 mg every 6-8 hours
Anxiety or Insomnia: Hydroxyzine (Vistaril), 25-50 mg every 8 hours
Abdominal Cramps: Dicyclomine (Bentil), 10 mg every 8 hours
Constipation: Milk of Magnesia, 30 cc daily every other day
Indigestion: Antacid (for example, Mylanta), 30 cc between meals and at bedtime
Loose Stool: Bismuth subcarbonate (Pepto-Bismol), 30 cc after each loose stool up to 8 doses total, for no more than 2 days
* All doses are administered orally.

Exhibit 3-4 Benzodiazepines and Their Phenobarbital Withdrawal Equivalents

Benzodiazepines and Their Phenobarbital Withdrawal Equivalents
Generic NameTrade NameTherapeutic Dose Range (Mg/Day)
Dose Equal to 30 MG of Phenobarbital for Withdrawal (mg)**
Phenobarbital Conversion Constant
Benzodiazepines
alprazolamXanax0.75-6130
chlordiazepoxideLibrium15-100251.2
clonazepamKlonopin0.5-4215
clorazepateTranxene15-607.54
diazepamValium4-40103
estazolamProSom1-2130
flumazenilMazicon*********
flurazepamDalmane15-30*152
halazepamPaxipam60-160400.75
lorazepamAtivan1-16215
midazolamVersed*********
oxazepamSerax10-120103
prazepamCentrax20-60103
quazepamDoral15*152
temazepamRestoril15-30*152
triazolamHalcion0.125-0.50*0.25120
* Usual hypnotic dose
** Phenobarbital withdrawal conversion equivalence is not the same as therapeutic dose equivalency. Withdrawal equivalence is the amount of the drug that 30 mg of phenobarbital will substitute for and prevent serious high-dose withdrawal signs and symptoms.

*** Not applicable


Information in this exhibit is drawn from two sources, the American Psychiatric Association and the work of Donald R. Wesson, et al. Portions of the exhibit are reprinted with permission from the American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment, Washington, D.C. 1990.

Exhibit 3-5 Other Sedative-Hypnotics and Their Phenobarbital Withdrawal Equivalents

Other Sedative-Hypnotics and Their Phenobarbital Withdrawal Equivalents
Generic Name Name(s) Common Therapeutic IndicationDose Equal to 30 MG of Therapeutic Dose Range (mg/day)Phenobarbital for Withdrawal (mg)**Conversion Constants
Barbiturates
amobarbital Amytal sedative50-1501000.33
butabarbital Butisol sedative45-1201000.33
butalbital Fiorinal, Sedapap sedative/analgesic*100-3001000.33
pentobarbital Nembutal hypnotic50-1001000.33
secobarbital Seconal hypnotic50-1001000.33
Others
buspirone Buspar sedative15-60******
chloral hydrate Noctec, Somnos hypnotic250-10005000.06
ethchlorvynol Placidyl hypnotic500-10005000.06
glutethimide Doriden hypnotic250-5002500.12
meprobamate Miltown, Equanil, Equagesic sedative1200-160012000.025
methylprylon Noludar hypnotic200-4002000.15
* Butalbital is usually available in combination with opiate or non-opiate analgesics.

** Phenobarbital withdrawal conversion equivalence is not the same as therapeutic dose equivalency. Withdrawal equivalence is the amount of the drug that 30 mg of phenobarbital will substitute for and prevent serious high-dose withdrawal signs and symptoms.

*** Not cross-tolerant with barbiturates.

Information in this exhibit is drawn from two sources, the American Psychiatric Association and the work of Donald R. Wesson, et al. Portions of the exhibit are reprinted with permission from the American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment, Washington, D.C., 1990.

Exhibit 5-1 JCAHO Quality Assurance Guidelines

JCAHO Quality Assurance Guidelines*

1. Assign responsibility

2. Delineate scope of care and services

3. Identify important aspects of care and services

4. Identify indicators of outcome (no less than two; no more than four)

5. Establish thresholds for evaluation

6. Collect data

7. Evaluate data

8. Take action

9. Assess action taken

10. Communicate

* The Accreditation Manual for Hospitals. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Oak Brook, Illinois. 1991.

Exhibit 5-2 ASAM-Recommended Variables for Patient Outcome

ASAM-Recommended Variables for Patient Outcome
  1. Substance use
    • Status of use of the primary drug of dependence
    • Status of use of other drugs of dependence (including nicotine)
    • History of any use, since the start of treatment, of medications prescribed for their psychotropic action or which have psychotropic side effects
  2. Readmission for AOD treatment due to relapse or threatened relapse
  3. Health status
    • Use of health services, including illnesses, hospitalizations, and outpatient visits for medical, psychiatric, or dental care since treatment began
    • Confirmatory information (for example, through biochemical markers and standardized interviews)
  4. Employment function status
    • Employment status at followup
    • Number (or percent) of days worked compared with days eligible to work
  5. Legal problems (during periods when not confined)
    • Driving-under-the-influence violations
    • Arrests
  6. Evaluation of the patient's relationship with close family and significant others
    • Status of marital or other partnership relationships
    • Satisfaction with the quality of those relationships
    • Custodial status of children, if any
  7. Assessment of global functioning, provided that assessment instruments are appropriately peer reviewed and validated
  8. Assessment of psychological (emotional) and social functioning
  9. Assessment of major life stressors in the period following treatment

Exhibit 6-1 Detoxification Programs--Sample Program Data

Detoxification Programs--Sample Program Data
Program Identification No.1 2345 6
Program Type         
Medical Subacute  X X    X
Social Model X   X X X
Modified Medical     X*  
       
RegionNortheastMidAtlanticMidwestWestNorthwestSouth
LocaleSmall MetropolitanSuburbanLarge Metropolitan RuralRuralLarge Metropolitan
Medical Model      
Daily Residential Capacity**  
14***

3-5

20
 
25
Annual Census*** 900 (9 mo.)550875 *  250
       
Social Model      
Daily Residential Capacity**8   20 * 4 25
Annual Census***350  875 *190-250 250
       
Institutional StatusPrivate NonprofitPublic NonprofitPrivate NonprofitPrivate NonprofitPrivate NonprofitPrivate Nonprofit

Exhibit 6-2

Projected Annual Budget Sample

Projected Annual Budget Sample
Social Model Detoxification Program
Program Identification No.145 6
Core Staffing Costs/FTEs
Registered Nurse $42,341.00 (2)$11,326.00 (.33)0$78,000.00 (3)
Aide45,645.00 (3)140,00.00 (10)037,440.00 (3)
Addictions Counselor 15,500.00 (1)52,000.00 (2)$68,352.00 (3)37,000.00 (2)
Social Worker003,000.00 (.25)26,000.00 (1)
Financial Benefits Manager05,000.00 (.25)22,500.00 (1)
Total Core Staffing$104,486.00 (6)$208,326.00 (12.58)71,352.00 $200,940.00
Payroll Taxes and Benefits17,890.0047,915.0014,800.00 40,188.00
Consultant Physician1,020.0012,000.00 (.12)840.00 0
Direct Operating Costs
Supplies (office/activities)(in admin.)6,445.002,200.00 5,000.00
Meds, lab fees, contr. services6,700.001,100.00360.00 30,000.00
Telephone3,130.00 3,255.00720.00 6,000.00
Vehicle 02,000.000500.00
Accounting/Legal Expense(in admin.)1,953.00300.00 6,000.00
Staff Development1,725.002,000.00600.00 3,000.00
Office and Postage(in admin.)3,075.00500.00 3,000.00
Equipment1,345.002,500.00450.00 5,000.00
Local Travel400.002,475.001,685.00 3,000.00
Miscellaneous575.0010,485.00250.00 800.00
Administrative Mgmt.5,640.0030,342.002,400.00 (1) 70,000.00
Facility
Building27,100.0072,000.006,000.00 0
Food15,590.0039,600.002,800.0030,000.00
Maintenance3,690.004,800.001,000.00 5,000.00
TOTAL COSTS$189,311.00$450,271.00$106,257.00 $408,428.00

Exhibit 6-3

Projected Annual Budget Sample Medical Model Detoxification Program

Projected Annual Budget Sample Medical Model Detoxification Program
Program Identification No. 234*6
Core Staffing Costs/FTEs(Modified
medical)*
Registered Nurse $288,000.00 (8)0$33,000.00 (1)$78,000.00 (3)
Aide 80,000.00 (4)$71,400.00 (5)140,000.00 (10)37,440.00 (3)
Addictions Counselor 77,000.00 (3)052,000.00 (2)18,500.00 (1)
Social Worker40,000.00 (1)40,000.00 (2)15,000.00 (.5)26,000.00 (1)
Financial Benefits Mgr.21,000.00 (1) 05,000.00 (.25)22,500.00 (1)
Total Core Staffing$506,000.00 (17)$111,400.00 (7)$245,000.00 (13.75)$182,440.00 (9)
Payroll Taxes and Benefits197,000.0034,035.0056,350.0036,488.00
Consultant Physician26,000.00 (.4)18,548.0025,000.00 (.25)0
Direct Operating Costs
Supplies (office/activities)4,000.00163,983.006,445.005,000.00
Meds, lab fees, contr. services105,000.00(none given)5,000.0030,000.00
Telephone5,000.00 3,937.223,255.006,000.00
Vehicle4,000.003,748.752,000.00500.00
Accounting/Legal Expense28,000.00(none given)1,953.006,000.00
Staff Development8,000.001,148.842,000.003,000.00
Office and Postage6,000.00869.593,075.003,000.00
Equipment10,000.00(none given)2,500.005,000.00
Local Travel2,000.00(none given)2,475.002,500.00
Miscellaneous8,000.00264.5550,085.00***6,000.00
Administrative Mgmt.56,000.0056,578.0030,342.0070,000.00
Facility
Building40,000.0029,600.0090,000.0024,000.00
Food(in meds., lab, etc.)(in building)(in miscellaneous)(in building)
Maintenance(in meds., lab, etc.)(in building)(in building)(in building)
TOTAL COSTS$1,005,000.00$425,112.95$525,480.00$379,928.00

Exhibit E-1

Patient Consent Form: Required Items

Patient Consent Form: Required Items*
  • Name or general description of the program(s) making the disclosure
  • Name or title of the individual or organization that will receive the disclosure
  • Name of the patient who is the subject of the disclosure
  • Purpose of or need for the disclosure
  • How much and what kind of information will be disclosed
  • A statement that the patient may revoke the consent at any time, except to the extent that the program has already acted in reliance on it
  • Date, event or condition upon which the consent expires, if not previously revoked
  • Signature of the patient (and, for minors in some States, his or her parent)
  • Date on which the consent is signed

* As set forth in '2.31(a).

Exhibit E-2

Consent for the Release of Confidential Information

Exhibit E-2
Consent for the Release of Confidential Information


I, _________________________________________________________________, authorize
(Name of patient)

______________________________________________________________________
(Name or general designation of program making disclosure)


to disclose to _______________________________________________________________
(Name of person or organization to which disclosure is to be made)


the following information: _______________________________________________________
(Nature of the information, as limited as possible)

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________


The purpose of the disclosure authorized herein is to: ____________________________________


______________________________________________________________________
(Purpose of disclosure, as specific as possible)


_________________________________________________________________________ _______


I understand that my records are protected under the Federal regulations governing Confidentiality of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Patient Records, 42 C.F.R. Part 2, and cannot be disclosed without my written consent unless otherwise provided for in the regulations. I also understand that I may revoke this consent at any time except to the extent that action has been taken in reliance on it, and that in any event this consent expires automatically as follows:

_________________________________________________________________________ _______
(Specification of the date, event, or condition upon which this consent expires)

Dated: _________________________________________________________________
(Signature of participant)

_________________________________________
(Signature of parent, guardian, or
authorized representative when required

Exhibit E-3

Prohibition on Redisclosing Information Concerning AOD Abuse Treatment Patients

Prohibition on Redisclosing Information Concerning AOD Abuse Treatment Patients
This notice accompanies a disclosure of information concerning a client in alcohol/drug abuse treatment, made to you with the consent of such client. This information has been disclosed to you from records protected by Federal confidentiality rules (42 C.F.R. Part 2). The Federal rules prohibit you from making any further disclosure of this information unless further disclosure is expressly permitted by the written consent of the person to whom it pertains or as otherwise permitted by 42 CFR Part 2. A general authorization for the release of medical or other information is NOT sufficient for this purpose. The Federal rules restrict any use of the information to criminally investigate or prosecute any alcohol or drug abuse patient.

Exhibit E-4

Qualified Service Organization Agreement

Qualified Service Organization Agreement
XYZ Service Center ("the Center") and the _____________________


_________________________________________________________________________
(Name of the program)

("the Program") hereby enter into a qualified service organization agreement, whereby the Center agrees to provide the following services:

_________________________________________________________________________ _
(Nature of services to be provided)

_________________________________________________________________________ _

_________________________________________________________________________ _

Furthermore, the Center:

1. Acknowledges that in receiving, storing, processing, or otherwise dealing with any information from the Program about the patients in the Program, it is fully bound by the provisions of the Federal Regulations governing Confidentiality of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Patient Records, 42 CFR Part 2; and

2. Undertakes to resist in judicial proceedings any effort to obtain access to information pertaining to patients otherwise than as expressly provided for in the Federal confidentiality regulations, 42 CFR Part 2.

Executed this _____ day of __________, 199__.


_________________________ _________________________
President Program Director
XYZ Service Center (Name of Program)
(Address) (Address)
 



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