US Department of Health and Human Services and SAMHSA's National Clearinghouse For Alcohol and Drug Information DHHS SAMHSA's National Clearinghouse For Alcohol and Drug Information
Photo Of Person One Photo Of Person Two Photo Of Person Three Photo Of Person Four
Drugs
Audiences
Issues
Publications
Newsroom
Calendar
Resources
Research

This Web site is a component of the SAMHSA Health Information Network.
Publications
Publications

Quick Find & Order
Top 50
Pubs in Series
Posters
Videos
Spanish
Drugs
Audiences
Issues

This Web site is a component of the SAMHSA Health Information Network.

   

Detoxification From Alcohol and Other Drugs
Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 19

Appendix A -- Bibliography

Alldredge, B.K., Lowenstein, D.H.
Status epilepticus related to alcohol abuse. Epilepsia. 1993; 34:1033-1037.
Alling, F.A.
Detoxification and treatment of acute sequelae. In: Lowinson, J.H., Ruiz, P., Millman, R.B., eds. Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1992: 402-415.
Alling, F.A., Johnson, F.D., Elmoghazy, E.
Cranial electrostimulation (CES) use in the detoxification of opiate-dependent patients. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1990; 7:173-180.
Alterman, A.I., Droba, M., Antelo, E., et al.
Amantadine may facilitate detoxification of cocaine addicts. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1992; 31:19-29.
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Drugs.
The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics. 1994; 93:137B150.
American Psychiatric Association.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition, Revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
American Psychiatric Association, Task Force on Benzodiazepine Dependency.
Benzodiazepine Dependence, Toxicity, and Abuse. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.
American Society of Addiction Medicine.
Public policy statement on recommendations for design of treatment efficacy research with emphasis on outcome measures. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 1994a; 13:119-124.
American Society of Addiction Medicine, Committee on Practice Guidelines.
The Role of Phenytoin in the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (Draft). Washington, DC: American Society of Addiction Medicine; 1994b.
Ayd, F.J.
Prescribing anxiolytics and hypnotics for the elderly. Psychiatric Annals. 1994; 24:91-96.
Baker, F.
Coordination of Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services (TAP 4). Rockville, MD: Office for Treatment Improvement; 1991. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 93-1742. Technical Assistance Publication (TAP) Series No. 4.
Banys, P., Clark, H.W., Tusel, D.J., et al.
An open trial of low-dose buprenorphine in treating methadone withdrawal. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1994; 11:9-15.
Banys, P., Tusel, D.J., Sees, K.L., Reilly, P.M., Delucchi, K.L.
Low (40 mg) versus high (80 mg) dose methadone in a 180-day heroin detoxification program. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1994; 11:225-232.
Bickel, W.K., Stitzer, M.L., Bigelow, G.E., et al.
A clinical trial of buprenorphine: comparison with methadone in the detoxification of heroin addicts. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1988; 43:72-78.
Bradley, B.P., Gossop, M., Phillips, G.T., Legarda, J.J.
The development of an opiate withdrawal scale (OWS). British Journal of Addiction. 1987; 82:1139-1142.
Brewer, C., Rezae, H., Bailey, C.
Opiate withdrawal and naltrexone induction in 48-72 hours with minimal drop-out using a modification of the naltrexone clonidine technique. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1988; 153:340-343.
Brown, L.S. Jr., Hickson, M.J., Ajuluchukwu, D.C., Bailey, J.
Medical disorders in a cohort of New York City drug abusers: much more than HIV disease. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 1993; 12:11-27.
Brumbaugh, A.G.
Acupuncture: new perspectives in chemical dependency treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1993; 10:35-43.
Bullock, M.L., Culliton, P.D., Olander, R.T.
Controlled trial of acupuncture for severe recidivist alcoholism. Lancet. 1989; 1:1435-1439.
California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs.
Evaluating Recovery Services: The California Drug and Alcohol Assessment (CALDATA). Sacramento, CA: California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs; 1994.
Callahan, J.F.
Health care reform alert: states take action. American Society of Addiction Medicine News. 1994; 9:1-2.
Castaneda, R., Cushman, P.
Alcohol withdrawal: a review of clinical management. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1989; 278-284.
Center for Health Policy Research.
An Analysis of Resources to Aid Drug-Exposed Infants and Their Families. Washington, DC: George Washington University, Intergovernmental Health Policy Project; 1993.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse (TIP 9). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1994. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 94-2078. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 9.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Developing State Outcomes Monitoring Systems for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment (TIP 14). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1995. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 95-3031. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 14.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Guidelines for the Treatment of Alcohol- and Other Drug-Abusing Adolescents (TIP 4). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1993. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 93-2010. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 4.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Improving Treatment for Drug-Exposed Infants (TIP 5).Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1993. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 93-2011. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 5.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Intensive Outpatient Treatment for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse (TIP 8). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1994. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 94-2077. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 8.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
LAAM in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction (TIP 22).Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1995. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 95-3052. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 22.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Matching Treatment to Patient Needs in Opioid Substitution Therapy (TIP 20). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1995. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 95-3049. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 20.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Pregnant, Substance-Using Women (TIP 2). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1993. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 93-1998. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 2.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Screening for Infectious Diseases Among Substance Abusers (TIP 6). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1993. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 93-2048. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 6.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
State Methadone Treatment Guidelines (TIP 1). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1993. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 93-1991. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 1.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
The Role and Current Status of Patient Placement Criteria in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders (TIP 13). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1995. DHHS publication no. (SMA) 95-3021. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 13.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Treatment for HIV-Infected Alcohol and Other Drug Abusers (TIP 15). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1995. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 95-3038. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 15.
Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.
The Cost of Substance Abuse to America's Health Care System: Report 1. Medicaid Hospital Costs. New York, NY: Columbia University; 1993.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The Public Health Impact of Needle Exchange Programs in the United States and Abroad: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1993.
Charney, D.S., Heniniger, G.R., Kleber, H.D.
The combined use of clonidine and naltrexone as a rapid, safe, and effective treatment of opiate withdrawal from methadone. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1986; 143:831-837.
Clark, H.W., Longmuir, N.
Clonidine transdermal patches: a recovery-oriented treatment of opiate withdrawal. California Society for the Treatment of Alcoholism and Other Drug Dependencies News. 1986; 13:1-2.
Cochin, J., Kornetsky, C.
Development and loss of tolerance to morphine in the rat after single and multiple injections. Journal of Pharmacological and Experimental Therapeutics. 1964; 145:1-10.
Cushman, P., Dole, V.P.
Detoxification of rehabilitated methadone-maintained patients. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1973; 225:747-752.
Cuthill, J.D., Beroniade, M.D., Salvatori, V.A., Viguie, F.
Evaluation of clonidine suppression of opiate withdrawal reactions: a multidisciplinary approach. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 1990; 35:377-382.
Czechowicz, D.
Detoxification Treatment Manual. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1979. Treatment Program Monograph Series No. 6.
Devenyi, P., Harrison, M.L.
Prevention of alcohol withdrawal seizures with oral diazepam loading. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1985; 132:798-800.
Fuller, R.K., Gordis, E.
Refining the treatment of alcohol withdrawal (editorial). Journal of the American Medical Association. 1994; 272:557-558.
Fultz, J.M., Senay, E.C.
Guidelines for the management of hospitalized narcotic addicts. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1975; 82:815-818.
Galanter, M.
Network therapy for the office practitioner. In: Galanter, M., Kleber, H.D., eds. American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994: 253-262.
Gallant, D.
Alcohol. In: Galanter, M., Kleber, H.D., eds. American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994: 67-89.
Gariti, P., Auriacombe, M., Incmikoski, R., et al.
A randomized double-blind study of neuroelectric therapy in opiate and cocaine detoxification. Journal of Substance Abuse. 1992; 4:299-308.
Gates, D.
Medicaid Financing of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment for Pregnant Women, Mothers, and Their Children. Washington, DC: National Health Law Program; 1992.
Geller, A.
Protracted abstinence. In: Miller, N.S., ed. Comprehensive Handbook of Drug and Alcohol Addiction. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 1991: 905-913.
Gerstein, D.R., Harwood, H.J., eds.
Treating Drug Problems: Vol. 1. A Study of the Evolution, Effectiveness, and Financing of Public and Private Drug Treatment Systems. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1990.
Gold, M.S., Redmond, D.E., Kleber, H.D.
Clonidine blocks acute opiate-withdrawal symptoms. Lancet. 1978; 2:599-602.
Gorelick, D.A.
Overview of pharmacologic treatment approaches for alcohol and other drug addiction: intoxication, withdrawal, and relapse prevention. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1993; 10:171-179.
Harwood, H.J.
Economics and drugs: promises, problems, and prospects. In: Cartwright, W.S., Kaple, J.M., eds. Economic Costs, Cost-effectiveness, Financing, and Community-Based Drug Treatment. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1991:46-56. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 91-1823. NIDA Research Monograph No. 113.
Hayashida, M., Alterman, A.I., McLellan, A.T., et al.
Comparative effectiveness and costs of inpatient and outpatient detoxification of patients with mild-to-moderate alcohol withdrawal syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine. 1989; 320:358-365.
Hayner, G., Galloway, G., Wiehl, W.O.
Haight Ashbury Free Clinic's drug detoxification protocols -- part 3: benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotics. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 1993; 25:331-335.
Helf, C.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Benefits Under State Health Care Reform. Washington, DC: George Washington University Intergovernmental Health Project; 1994.
Henningfield, J.E., Clayton, R., Pollin, W.
Involvement of tobacco in alcoholism and illicit drug use. British Journal of Addiction. 1990; 85:279-292.
Henningfield, J.E., Cohen, C., Heishman, S.J.
Drug self-administration methods in abuse liability evaluation. British Journal of Addiction.1991; 86:1571-1577.
Hoffman, A.L., Slade, J.,
Following the pioneers: addressing tobacco in chemical dependency treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1993; 10:153-160.
Hoffman, N.G., Halikas, J.A., Mee-Lee, D., Weedman, R.D.
Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine; 1991.
Institute of Medicine.
Broadening the Base of Treatment for Alcohol Problems.Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1990.
Jacob, M.S., Zilm, D.H., Macleod, S.M., Sellers, E.M.
Propranolol-associated confused states during alcohol withdrawal. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1983; 3:185-187.
Jasinski, D.R., Fudala, P.J., Johnson, R.E.
Sublingual versus subcutaneous buprenorphine in opiate abusers. Clinical Pharmacology Therapy. 1989; 13:513-519.
Jasinski, D.R., Johnson, R.E., Kocher, T.R.
Clonidine in morphine withdrawal: differential effects on signs and symptoms. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1985; 42:1063-1066.
Jasinski, D.R., Pevnick, J.S, Griffith, J.D.
Human pharmacology and abuse potential of the analgesic buprenorphine. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1978; 35:501-516.
Johnson, R.E., Cone, E.J., Henningfield, J.E., Fudala, P.J.
Use of buprenorphine in the treatment of opiate addiction: I. physiologic and behavioral effects during a rapid dose induction. Clinical Pharmacology Therapy. 1989; 13:335-343.
Johnson, R.E., Jaffe, J.H., Fudala, P.J.
A controlled trial of buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1992; 267:2750-2755.
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care Organizations (JCAHO).
The Accreditation Manual for Hospitals. Oak Brook, IL: JCAHO; 1993.
Judson, B.A., Goldstein A., Inturrisi, C.E.
Methyl acetate (LAAM) in the treatment of heroin addicts, II: double-blind comparison of gradual and abrupt detoxification. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1983; 40:834-840.
Judson, B.A., Himmelberg, D.U., Goldstein, A.
The naloxone test for opiate dependence. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1980; 27:492-501.
Kleber, H.D.
Our current approach to drug abuse: progress, problems, proposals. New England Journal of Medicine. 1994; 330:361-364.
Kleber, H.D.
Treatment of narcotic addicts. Psychiatric Medicine. 1987; 3:389-418.
Kleber, H.D., Riodan, C.E.
The treatment of narcotic withdrawal: a historical review. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1982; 43:30-34.
Kokka, N., Sapp, D.W., Taylor, A.M., Olsen, R.W.
The kindling model of alcohol dependence: similar persistent reduction in seizure threshold to pentylenetetrazol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 1993; 17:525-531.
Koob, G.
Neurobiological approaches to brain-behavior interaction: summary and overview. In: Frascella, J., Brown, R.M., eds. Neurobiological approaches to brain-behavior interaction. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1992:237-247. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 92-1846. NIDA Research Monograph No. 124.
Kosten, T.R., Kleber, H.D.
Buprenorphine detoxification from opioid dependence: a pilot study. Life Science. 1988; 42:635-641.
Kosten, T.R., Rounsaville, B.J., Kleber, H.D.
Concurrent validity of the Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1985; 171:606-610.
Kozlowski, L.T., Henningfield, J.E., Keenan, R.M., et al.
Patterns of alcohol, cigarette, and other drug use in two drug-abusing populations. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1993; 10:171-179.
Kraus, M.L., Gottlieb, L.D., Horwitz, R.I., Anscher, M.
Randomized clinical trial of atenolol in alcohol withdrawal. New England Journal of Medicine. 1985; 313:905-909.
Kreek, M.J.
Methadone disposition during the perinatal period in humans. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 1979; 11:7-13.
Lechtenberg, R., Worner, T.M.
Total ethanol consumption as a seizure risk factor in alcoholics. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 1992; 85:90-94.
Legal Action Center.
Confidentiality: A Guide to the Federal Laws and Regulations. New York, NY: Legal Action Center; 1991.
Legal Action Center.
Model Legislation Mandating a National Health Insurance Benefit for Prevention and Treatment for Alcoholism and Drug Addiction. New York, NY: Legal Action Center; 1993.
Legard, J.J., Grossop, M.
A 24-hour inpatient detoxification treatment for heroin addicts: a preliminary investigation. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1994; 35:91-93.
Ling, W., Blakis, M., Holmes, E.D., Klett, C.J., Carter, W.E.
Restabilization with methadone after methadyl acetate maintenance. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1980; 37:194-196.
Malcolm, R., Ballenger, J.C., Sturgis, E.T., Anton, R.
Double-blind controlled trial comparing carbamazepine to oxazepam treatment of alcohol withdrawal. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1989; 146:617-621.
Marlatt, G.A., Barrett, K.
Relapse prevention. In: Galanter, M., Kleber, H.D., eds. American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994:285-299.
Martin, W.R., Jasinski, D.R.
Physiological parameters of morphine dependence in man: tolerance, early abstinence, protracted abstinence. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1969; 7:9-17.
Maslow, A.H.
Motivation and Personality. New York, NY: Harper & Row; 1954.
McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., O'Brien, C.P., Woody, G.E.
An improved evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients: the Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1980; 168:26-33.
Miller, N.S., ed.
Principles of Addiction Medicine. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine; 1994.
National Council Against Health Fraud.
Acupuncture: position paper of the National Council Against Health Fraud. American Journal of Acupuncture. 1991; 19:273-279.
National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Treatment Programs.Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1981. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 81-1143.
National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Research on the Treatment of Narcotic Addiction: State of the Art. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1987. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 87-1281.
Nightingale, S.L.
From the Food and Drug Administration: levomethadyl approved for the treatment of opiate dependence. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1993; 270:1290.
O'Brien, C.P., Childress, A.R., McLessan, A.T.
Conditioning factors may help to understand and prevent relapse in patients who are recovering from drug dependence. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 91-1754. 1991. NIDA Research Monograph No. 106.
O'Connor, P.G., Waugh, M.E., Schottenfeld, R.S., Diakogiannis, I.A., Rounsaville, B.J.
Ambulatory opiate detoxification and primary care: a role for the primary care physician. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 1992; 7:532-534.
Office of National Drug Control Policy.
National Drug Control Strategy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.
O'Malley, S.S., Jaffee, A.J., Change, G., et al.
Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1992; 49:881-887.
Patterson, M.A.
Getting Off the Hook: Addictions Can Be Cured by NET. Wheaton, IL: Harold Shaw; 1983.
Pickens, R.W., Fletcher, B.W.
Overview of treatment issues. In: Pickens, R.W., Leukefeld, C.G., Schuster, C.R., eds. Improving Drug Treatment. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1991; 1-19. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 91-1754. NIDA Research Monograph No. 106.
Pickworth, W.B., Johnson, R.E., Holicky, B.A., Cone, E.J.
Subjective and physiologic effects of intravenous buprenorphine in humans. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1993.
Preston, K.L., Bigelow, G.E., Liebson, I.A.
Buprenorphine and naloxone alone and in combination in opioid-dependent humans. Psychopharmacology. 1988; 94:484-490.
Rickels, K., Schweizer, E., Case, W.G., Greenblatt, D.J.
Long-term therapeutic use of benzodiazepines: I. Effects of abrupt discontinuation. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1990; 47:899-907.
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Substance Abuse: The Nation's Number One Health Problem-Key Indicators for Policy. Princeton, NJ Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; 1993.
Roy-Byrne, P.P., Cowley, D.S., eds.
Benzodiazepines in Clinical Practice: Risks and Benefits. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1991.
Saitz, R., Mayo-Smith, M.F., Roberts, M.S., et al.
Individualized treatment for alcohol withdrawal: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1994; 272:519-523.
San, L., Cami, J., Fernandez, T., et al.
Assessment and management of opioid withdrawal symptoms in buprenorphine-dependent subjects. British Journal of Addiction. 1992; 87:55-62.
San, L., Torrens, M., Castillo, C., Porta, M., de la Torre, R.
Consumption of buprenorphine and other drugs among heroin addicts under ambulatory treatment: results from cross-sectional studies in 1988 and 1990. Addiction. 1993; 88:1341-1349.
Schweizer, E., Rickels, K., Case, W.G., Greenblatt, D.J.
Long-term therapeutic use of benzodiazepines: II. Effects of gradual taper. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1990; 47:908-915.
Sees, K.L., Clark, H.W.
When to begin smoking cessation in substance abuse. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1993; 10:189-195.
Sellers, E.M., Naranjo, C.A., Harrison, M., et al.
Diazepam loading: simplified treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Clinical Pharmacology Therapy. 1983; 34:822-826.
Sellers, E.M., Sullivan, J.T., Somer, G., Sykora, K.
Characterization of DSM-III-R criteria for uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal provides an empirical basis for DSM-IV. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1991; 48:442-447.
Senay, E.C., Dorus, W., Goldberg, F., Thornton, W.
Withdrawal from methadone maintenance: rate of withdrawal and expectation. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1977; 34:361-367.
Seymour, R., Smith, D.E.
Drugfree. New York, NY: Sarah Lazin Books; 1987.
Shaw, J.M., Kolesar, G.S., Sellers, E.M., Kaplan, H.L., Sandor, P.
Development of optimal treatment tactics for alcohol withdrawal: I. Assessment and effectiveness of supportive care. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1981; 1:382-389.
Shiffman, S., Zettler-Segal, M., Kassel, J.
Nicotine elimination and tolerance in non-dependent cigarette smokers. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 1992; 109:449-456.
Smith, D.E., Wesson, D.R.
A new method for treatment of barbiturate dependence. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1970; 213:294-295.
Smith, D.E., Wesson, D.R.
Benzodiazepine dependency syndromes. In: Smith, D.E., Wesson, D.R., eds. The Benzodiazepines: Current Standards for Medical Practice. Hingham, MA: MTP Press; 1985:235-248.
Smith, D.E., Wesson, D.R.
Benzodiazepine dependency syndromes. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 1983; 15:85-95.
Smith, D.E., Wesson, D.R.
Benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotics. In: Galanter, M., Kleber, H.D., eds. American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994:179-190.
Smith, D.E., Wesson, D.R.
Phenobarbital technique for treatment of barbiturate dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1971; 24:56-60.
Sorensen, J.L., Batki, S.L., Good, P., Wilkinson, K.
Methadone maintenance program for AIDS-affected opiate addicts. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1989; 6:87-94.
Sorensen, J.L., Costantini, M.F., Wall, T.L., Gibson, D.R.
Coupons attract high-risk untreated heroin users into detoxification. Drug and Alcohol Dependence.1993; 31:247-252.
Sorensen, J.L., Hargreaves, W.A., Weinberg, J.A.
Withdrawal from heroin in three or six weeks: comparison of methyl acetate and methadone. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1982; 39:167-171.
Spencer L., Gregory, M.
Clonidine transdermal patches for use in outpatient opiate withdrawal. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1989; 6:113-117.
Stockwell, T., Bolt, L., Milner, I., et al.
Home detoxification from alcohol: its safety and efficacy in comparison with inpatient care. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 1991; 26:645-650.
Stuppaeck, C.H., Pycha, R., Miller, C., et al.
Carbamazepine versus oxazepam in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal: a double-blind study. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 1992; 26:153-158.
Sullivan, J.T., Sellers, E.M.
Detoxification for triazolam physical dependence. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1992; 12:124-127.
Sullivan, J.T., Sellers, E.M.
Treating alcohol, barbiturate, and benzodiazepine withdrawal. Rational Drug Therapy. 1986; 20:1-8.
Sullivan, J.T., Swift, R.M., Lewis, D.C.
Benzodiazepine requirements during alcohol withdrawal syndrome: clinical implications of using a standardized withdrawal scale. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1991; 11:291-295.
Sullivan, J.T., Sykora, K., Schneiderman, J., Naranjo, C., Sellers, E.
Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Scale (CIWA-Ar). British Journal of Addiction. 1989; 84:1353-1357.
The White House.
Health Security Benefit Act: Benefit Modification.Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; November 1994.
Tims, F.M., Fletcher, B.W., Hubbard, R.L.
Treatment outcomes for drug abuse clients. In: Pickens, R.W., Leukefeld, C.G., Schuster, C.R., eds. Improving Drug Abuse Treatment. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse; 1991: 93-113. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 91-1754. NIDA Research Monograph No. 106.
Turner, J., Shiffren, I.
Community support system: how comprehensive? In: Stein, L., ed. Community Support Systems for the Long-Term Patient. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1979: 1-13.
Tyrer, P., Rutherford, D., Huggett, T.
Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms and propranolol. Lancet. 1981; 1:520-522.
Verma, N.P., Policherla, H., Buber, B.A.
Prior head injury accounts for the heterogeneity of the alcohol-epilepsy relationship. Clinical Electroencephalography. 1992; 23:147-151.
Volpicelli, J.R., Alterman, A.L., Hayashida, M., O'Brien, C.P.
Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence: initial observations. In: Reid, L.B., ed. Opioids, Bulimia, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. New York, NY: Springer-Valley; 1992: 95-214.
Volpicelli, J.R., Davis, M.A., Olgin, J.E.
Naltrexone blocks the post-shock increase of ethanol consumption. Life Sciences. 1986; 38:841-847
Walsh, S.L., Preston, K.L., Stitzer, M.L., Cone, E.J., Bigelow, G.E.
The acute effects of buprenorphine and methadone in nondependent humans. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.1994; 55:569-580.
Wartenberg, A.A., Nirenberg, T.D., Liepman, M.R., et al.
Detoxification of alcoholics: improving care by symptom-triggered sedation. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 1990;14:71-75.
Washburn, A.M., Fullilove, R.E., Fullilove, M.T., et al.
Acupuncture heroin detoxification: a single-blind clinical trial. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1993; 10:345-351.
Washton, A.M., Resnick, R.B., Geyer, G.
Opiate withdrawal using lefexidine, a clonidine analogue with fewer side effects. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1983; 44:335-337.
Weber, E.M.
Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Health, on the Health Care Security Act: Benefits. Presented on behalf of the Legal Action Center and the National Coalition of State Alcohol and Drug Treatment and Prevention Associations; November 15, 1993; Washington, DC.
Weedman, R.D.
Admission, Continued Stay, and Discharge Criteria for Adult Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Treatment Services. Irvine, CA: National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers; 1987.
Wesson, D.R., Smith, D.E.
Cocaine: treatment perspectives. In: Kozel, N.J., Adams, E.H., eds. Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1985: 193-203. DHHS publication no. ADM 85-1414. NIDA Research Monograph No. 61.
White House Domestic Policy Council
The President's Health Security Plan. New York, NY: Times Books; 1993.
Whitehead, J.P.
Acupuncture in the treatment of addiction: a review and analysis. International Journal of Addictions. 1978; 13:1-16.
Whitfield, C.L., Thompson, G. Lamb, A., et al.
Detoxification of 1024 alcoholic patients without psychoactive drugs. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1978; 239:1409-1410.
Wien, H.L., Cheung, S.Y.C.
Treatment of drug addiction by acupuncture and electrical stimulation. American Journal of Acupuncture. 1973; 1:71-75.
Willford, B.B., Morgan, J.
Families at Risk: Analysis of State Initiatives to Aid Drug-Exposed Infants and Their Families. Washington, DC: George Washington University Intergovernmental Health Policy Project; 1993.
Wilson, A., Vulcano, B.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of magnesium sulfate in the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 1984; 8:542-545.
Worner, T.M., Lechtenberg, R.
Effect of gender on neurologic findings in alcoholics. Journal of Addictive Disease. 1991; 10:35-47.
Zweben, J.E., Payte, J.T.
Methadone maintenance in the treatment of opioid dependence: a current perspective. Western Journal of Medicine: Addiction Medicine and the Primary Care Physician (Special Issue). 1990; 52:588-599.

Other Authorities:

21 C.F.R. Parts 291, 1306, 1307, 1308.
42 C.F.R. Part 2 ''2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.16, 2.22, 2.31, 2.32, 2.34, 2.51, 2.52, 2.53, 2.61, 2.63, 2.64, 2.65, 2.66 (1987).
45 Fed. Reg. 42264 (July 24, 1980).
58 Fed. Reg. 38706 (July 20, 1993).
21 U.S.C. ''290dd-2(2)(C); 802.17; 872(c).
42 U.S.C. '241(d).
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S.C. '290dd-2.
Hasenie v. United States, 541 F.Supp. 999 (D. Md. 1982).
Simmons v. City of Philadelphia, 947 F.2d 1042 (3d Cir. 1991).
Tarasoff v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal., 17 Cal.3d 425 (1976).
 		 



NCADI Live Help
Send this Page to a Friend E-mail this Page
Printer Friendly Version Print this Page
Join the eNetwork Join the eNetwork
Contact Us Contact Us
Link to Us Link to Us
Home Home

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (new window)

Multimedia
 
Initiatives  |   Funding  |   Home
U.S. Department of Human and Health Services U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Center for Mental Health Services
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
 
(800) 729-6686
TDD: (800) 487-4889
Español: (877) 767-8432
 National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
About Us | Privacy | Accessibility | Disclaimer | Site Map | Awards |Customer Service
SAMHSA Home | Freedom of Information Act | Department of Health and Human Services | The White House | USA.gov